Clinical Research Investigator

Question: Describe about the major responsibilities of a clinical research investigator? Answer: Introduction: Clinical research is a research which requires group of people to examine the safety, tolerance, dose and action of a drug. Clinical research obeys a pre- planned protocol. Clinical trial is also known as clinical research. A clinical investigator regulates the full method of clinical research. And the clinical investigator is responsible for all the process. Clinical investigators have so many responsibilities. And the investigator should follow them to get a perfect and appropriate result of the clinical research. It is mandatory to check and follow the plan of clinical research because a fail of clinical research means wastage of huge money. So all the member who are associated to clinical research should have enough knowledge to achieve the goal. Body: The clinical investigators regulate good clinical practice. The clinical investigators prepare a design of the clinical research and also maintain the quality of the clinical research. A good clinical practice is delivered by International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines (investigator responsibilities - regulation and clinical trials, 2015). Good Clinical Practice is a standard for conduct, monitoring, design, performance, reporting, auditing of clinical trials that produces guarantee that the reported results and data are believable and precise. The design of clinical trial certifies the integrity and quality of data which are assembled in clinical trial and also secures the safety, rights and welfare of participants of research. The whole clinical research is performed in the supervision of the clinical investigator. The clinical research investigator is an independent person who actually organizes a clinical research. By the instant direction the new drug is distribut ed to a subject (Guidance for Industry Investigator Responsibilities Protecting the Rights, Safety, and Welfare of Study Subjects, 2015). The investigation is regulated by a team of persons and the head is the clinical research investigator in the whole team. The investigator is also responsible for each of the opinion of the whole team. The investigator conducts and begins the investigations. The clinical research investigator has the power to control and stop the research immediately. The clinical research investigator should have appropriate knowledge to perform, conduct, design, monitoring the whole research. It is the responsibility of the clinical research investigator to supervise and conduct the research process. The investigator should inform the subject initially that it is the investigational process of new drug development. The clinical research investigator has some general responsibilities, and also they control the drug which is used for the research (Ccr.med.keio.ac .jp, 2015). It is the responsibility of the clinical research investigator to keep the record and hold the record for further investigation. The clinical research investigator should maintain the sufficient record of the character of the drug. It is the responsibility of clinical research investigator to keep all clinical data and also precise case history. The investigator should maintain the data appropriate to the investigation on each person administered and also investigational drug which is used as control (Baer et al., 2011). An investigator is needed to preserve all the clinical record data. The clinical trial data are preserved for two years because two years are required for the approval of the marketing application for the investigational drugs. The drug is investigated for the approval of marketing application. After two years the investigation is terminated if the marketing application is not approved. There are four investigator reports. And the reports are safety repo rts, progress report, final report and financial disclosure. It is the responsibility of the investigator to cover any adverse effects that is shocking or life threatening or serious or surprising. The clinical research investigator punctually covers any adverse event which is caused by the drug (roles and responsibilities in clinical trial, 2015). The clinical research investigator responsibilities are control of investigational drug, record holding and keeping and report forming. The clinical research investigator is disqualificated if the frequently intentional failure is observed. So the responsibility of the investigator is very important. Food and Drug Administration delivers a notice to the clinical research investigator and gives a chance to explain. Conclusion: The responsibility of the clinical research investigator is very crucial. And the clinical research investigator is responsible for the whole process (Nichd.nih.gov, 2015). A set of people or a specific person in required in clinical research. Their actions or tissues are needed for the study of clinical research. So the full method is very critical to handle. And the responsibility of a investigator is very important because the whole method of clinical research depends on the clinical research investigator. A predefined procedure or a master plan is needed for developing a clinical research. And this predefined procedure or master plan is created by the clinical research investigator. So the responsibility of the clinical research investigator is very important and significant. References: Baer, A., Devine, S., Beardmore, C. and Catalano, R. (2011). Clinical Investigator Responsibilities.Journal of Oncology Practice, 7(2), pp.124-128. Ccr.med.keio.ac.jp, (2015).Module 3: Investigator Role Responsibilities. [online] Available at: https://www.ccr.med.keio.ac.jp/e_learning/UM_E-Learning_US/mod03/index.html [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Guidance for Industry Investigator Responsibilities Protecting the Rights, Safety, and Welfare of Study Subjects. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/.../Guidances/UCM187772.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. investigator responsibilities - regulation and clinical trials. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Training/ClinicalInvestigatorTrainingCourse/UCM283301.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Nichd.nih.gov, (2015).Clinical Trials Clinical Research. [online] Available at: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/clinicalresearch/Pages/index.aspx [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. roles and responsibilities in clinical trial. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.centerwatch.com/pdfs/s11604_ch4.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015].

Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy

Summary The article analyses the merger between two firms in Canada that operate in different sectors Morneau Shepell is an HR consulting firm. It also offers outsourcing services to other firms (Gibson Para. 2) The company provides assistance programs for employees and families as well as pension plans and retirement plans for employees Collage Pediatric Therapy is a private firm that specializes in pediatric care Morneau’s vice president, Stephen Liptrap, believes that this acquisition will allow Morneau Shepell expand its market in Canada to include children’s services The acquisition is expected to absorb some employees from Collage Pediatric Therapy Morneau has about 3,000 employees in various offices spread across Canada Human Resource Function In this acquisition, the employees of Collage Pediatric Therapy will be absorbed into Morneau Shepell. Therefore, the post-merger integration of employees will affect employees of Collage. These employees can be an asset or a cost to Morneau depending on the merger agreement.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Morneau’s HR manager has to scrutinize the policies and practices in Collage in order to facilitate a smooth transition of employees into Morneau’s human resources. He has to harmonize the benefits, leaves, vacations, compensations, and payroll of the new employees to match those of Morneau. The news item in this article relates to labor relations problems that are consistent with acquisitions. Labor relations will be affected by new acquisition; new HR responsibilities including arbitration and mediation are likely to emerge. The restructuring and integration of Collage employees into Morneau is an important HR function. HR managers will ensure that all issues concerning labor relations are consistent with labor laws regarding acquisitions. Thus, this article emphasizes on the ethical responsibilities of organizations, which are related to managerial ethics in employee relations. In this particular acquisition, the unpaid interns attached at Collage Pediatric Therapy will be most affected by the acquisition. The restructuring following acquisition will affect various human resource functions including recruitment and training of interns at Collage. HR students and professionals would be interested in this news item because ‘unpaid interns’ are usually not considered employees of the company. Thus, following the acquisition, disputes concerning interns would be more difficult to handle than the regular employee-employer disputes. In addition, assigning roles and responsibilities to the interns in the new company would be a challenge for HR managers. One important question is; what is the best way to deal with employee issues that arise from acquisitions with a point in case being the unpaid i nterns attached at Collage Pediatric Therapy. Works Cited Gibson, Nathan. â€Å"Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy.† CNW 3 Sept. 2013. Newswire.ca. Web.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article on Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Hortons Café Franchise

Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Hortons Cafà © Franchise The safety of workers in the workplace is becoming an important aspect of business. In recent years, the number of employees suing their former employers has been increasing. Many workers sue their former employers for workplace injuries accruing over time. Unlike accidents, the impact of long-term exposure to bad working conditions is difficult to prove.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because an employer can argue that the employee had an underlying condition, or that the employee condition occurs to many regardless of working conditions. The best way for lawyers on both sides to determine the truth in regards to long-term injuries is by carrying out an ergonomic analysis of the working environment of an employee. This paper presents the findings and recommendations of an ergonomics analysis carried out at Cafes in Canada. The goal of the analysis was to determine whether the working conditions in the fast food restaurants are safe for workers. The specific systems investigated in the exercise were the service lines. Background Tim Horton’s Cafà © began operations in 1964, taking the name of one of the founders, who was a Canadian Hockey player. The company opened several branches in Canada, and later started licensing franchises across Canada and the United States. The franchise agreements did not include any standards regarding work practices the cafà ©s. The result is that each store has variable staff safety standards. The danger with this is that Tim Horton cafà ©s with poor ergonomic practices can destroy the reputation of he Horton Brand, leading to loss of business across North America. In addition, the company will find itself with many cases in court relating to workplace injuries suffered from long-term exposure to poor working conditions. Structure of the Report This p aper has four main sections. The first section looks at the ergonomic problems of workplace design and work practices. It identifies the problems with the workplace design of Tim Horton’s Cafà ©s. The second section deals with an assessment of these problems. The assessment will analyze various facet of the working environment at the Cafà ©. The third section presents the result of the analysis and the final sections identifies redesign consideration that the cafà © needs to make. Problem Identification The main area of interest in this project was the safety of the staff working inside any of the Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchises in Canada. The staff is very vulnerable to low intensity strain that may accrue into long-term injuries. They do repetitive jobs that involve carrying various loads and using certain postures repeatedly. As pointed out earlier, the concerns identified relate to the long-term impact of repeated exposure to some of the tasks associated with th eir jobsAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Any Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchise has a manager, waiters, cashiers, and chefs. The actual number of employees in each cafà © depends on the proprietor. The specific members of staff this analysis focused on were the waiters. Their main job is to take client orders and to fill them. The service model used in Tim Horton’s Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s is predominantly, self-service. The clients buy food from a counters and goes with the food to the eating area. The waiters work is behind the counter, taking the orders and filling them. The tasks a waiter handles are a follows. First, the waiter receives a receipt from the client across the counter. Secondly, the waiter studies the receipt and places it in a receipt box. The waiter then picks the appropriate packaging for the food items required by the client. Thirdly, the waiter picks the food, and packs it. Finally, the waiters place the food on a tray, and hands it back to the client. In many stores, food such as donuts, cakes and pastries are on display racks under the counter. The waiter simply picks the food and packs it. In some cases, the waiter must make an order by asking the kitchen staff to prepare a food item. This is common with burgers and sand witches. The kitchen staff prepares the food items and hands them over to the waiter, who then packs them and hands them over to clients across the counter. The waiters have several pieces of equipment at their disposal when handling their duties. First, they have microwave ovens for heating food quickly. Secondly, they have juice dispensers for fresh juices. Thirdly, the waiters use touch-screen pads to place orders to the kitchen for food items that are not in the display racks at the counter. The major risks that waiters face while working at Tim Horton’s Cafà © include lower back stra in, ankle injuries, and neck injuries. These risks come from the constant bending, turning, and movement of hands while serving customers. The movements a waiter makes between studying a receipt and packing food involves turning, and bending. Repeated turning can put pressure on the ankle joints and the knees. The bending and long hours of standing can lead to back pains. In addition, the constant crouching to pick up food items at the lower shelves of the display counter can also lead to neck pains. This means that the main design principles needed to address these concerns should be those that solve problems associated with repeated stress on the back, ankles and knees, and the neck. Assessment The focus of this project was to explore different ways of making the work of the waiters more convenient using ergonomic principles. This called for an in depth analysis of the tasks and the work done by the waiters. During the process of problems identification, it was possible to identif y the main tasks carried out by a waiter behind the counter. This section deals with an in-depth assessment of these tasks about potential bodily injuries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Procedure The three main methods used to gather information about the operations at Tim Horton’s Cafà © were as follows. First, observation proved very useful in determining how the food service process works at Tim Horton’s Cafà ©. Secondly, interviews with staff proves useful in finding out what their view were regarding the working conditions. They were simple interview simply aiming at finding out what they felt were the biggest challenges associated with their work. The third method was an online review of the view of former Tim Horton’s employees on glassdoor.com. The reviews used in the analysis were all fro m the month of November 2013. Findings The observations took place for a period of two hours on a Saturday evening. This is one of the peak times for the cafà ©. The waiters were aware of the process. The objectives of the process were as follows. First, it was important to develop metrics for use in carrying out ergonomic analysis of the working conditions in the cafà ©. Secondly, the process sought to identify the challenges of working as a waiter in a Tim Horton’s Cafà © of relevance to ergonomics. Thirdly, the observation exercise aimed at finding out how often the cashiers took breaks, and any signs of agitation by clients based on customer service. The main observations made in regards to the time spent on various tasks were as follows. On average, it took a waiter 45 seconds to fill an order. The sizes of orders varied from a single cup of coffee to trays of assorted snacks. Serving single items was the quickest for of service. It took longer to prepare sandwiches a nd burgers. The second observation was that a waiter bends or squats at least twice every five minutes. The main reason for this is the design of the display shelves. If a client ordered something in the shelves, the waiters had to bend or squat to reach it. The third main observation was that the waiters made a 360-degree turn (or equivalent) at least once every five minutes. This usually occurred when clients ordered food that was not in the display shelves. The waiter had to turn to the kitchen window and place the order. Finally, the observations revealed that accessing packaging material broke the serving routine whenever a waiter needed to open a new batch of packaging materials.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interviews with the waiters were very brief. They took place just before the waiters left their stations at the end of their shifts. Three waiters were interviewed. The waiters were asked to respond to three questions. The three questions were as follows. What are the most challenging aspects of your job? Are suffering from any recurrent bodily pain that you associate with this job? What changes would you like to see in your working conditions? The answers to the first question were as follows. First, the waiters said that the most challenging aspect of their job was standing for long hours. A normal shift lasted for eight hours. Each of their shifts had at least one peak time. The peak time for the morning shift was between 12.00 pm and 2.00 pm, which coincides with lunch hour. The second peak time was between 5.30 pm to 8.00 pm. During those hours, the waiter said that they have to work on their feet with barely any time to rest. For the slower hours, it is possible to take breaks. However, as long as the waiter is behind the counter, the waiter must remain standing. The design of the area did not anticipate the need for sitting. Secondly, the waiters all reported that they had minor back pain and inflammation of their soles. They also said that they frequently suffer from headaches and dizziness at the end of their shifts, depending on how stressful the day was. When asked about the changes they would like to see in the workplace to make their working environment more pleasant, they said that they would like to have comfortable resting chairs for use during the slow hours of the day. The third aspect of the assessment of the working conditions at the Tim Horton’s Cafà © was an online review using glassdoor.com. Glassdoor.com is a website that collects reviews from former employees on the working conditions of the companies they worked in. So far, glassdoor.com has over 280 reviews from former Tim Horton’s Cafà © employees. The review u ndertaken for this project used the employee reviews posted in the month of November 2013. The format of the data available from glassdoor.com include the duration the reviewer worked at the company, the position they held in the company, and the pros and cons of working for the company. They review also allows former employees to indicate whether they would recommend the company to a friend, and to offer any advice to the senior management. The results obtained that are relevant to ergonomics were as follows. First, the reviewers felt that the best part of working in a Tim Horton’s Cafà © was that it gave someone an opportunity to meet many people, learn about customer service, and grow under the supervision of the managers. On the list of cons, the highest rated negative experience was standing for long hours. Three out of the ten reviewers singled this as their worst experience. Table 1 below shows the cons given by employees to glassdoor.com. Figure 1: Cons of working in a Tim Horton’s Cafe One of the main observations from this review was that standing for long- hours was a source of concern for two employees. These two employees both worked as cashiers in the company. The rest worked in other department. The rest of the issues show that there is a morale problem in the company. Many employees feel that they pay is too low, and that the environment is too stressful. Stress can lead to accidents in the workplace. Too much tension can also affect the quality of customer care in the cafà ©. Results The analyses of the findings made above are as follows Task Analysis The tasks a waiter performs when serving clients are as follows Receiving receipt from cashier Studying receipt and placing it in receipt box (Order confirmation) If food needs preparation, placing order to the kitchen Picking packaging material Picking food item or/and Pouring drinks Placing food items in tray Handing over the food to client These a waiter must complete at le ast six of the eight tasks listed. The options available arise of the waiter does not need to order a food item from the kitchen, and whether not the client want both food and drinks. Table 1: Task Analysis The analysis of the tasks carried out by the waiters revealed several things. The tasks that require the most physical exertion are tasks iv-vii. The previous one do not require much movement in the service area. The first significant task from an ergonomic point of view is the picking of packaging materials. Every order made must be packed for the client. This means that each time a client makes an order the waiter must make this motion before proceeding to the next step. The implication of this task is that minor changes in the position of the packaging materials can result in significant changes in the working conditions of the waiter. It is imperative to ensure that the packing materials are at a comfortable height for each waiter. The second task of interest from an ergonom ic perspective is the picking of food items, either from the kitchen, or from the display shelves. This activity is also repeated severally making it a significant source of strain for the waiters. The third point arising from the analysis of the tasks taking place at the counter is that the waiters make circular motions if the food items ordered are not inside the display shelf in front of the waiter. These circular motions can lead to lateral strain in the ankles especially of the waiter turns in the same direction each time. The final task of interest is placing food items in the tray. While the waiters do this for only a short period, it represents the time when they carry peak lead as they hand it over to the customer, Depending on the size of the order, the weight of the tray can range from 0.5 kg to 4 kg. This is very significant because repeated loading can led to strain and back injury. Diagram 1 below shows a waiter in a Tim Horton’s Cafà © serving coffee. The layo ut of this store is such that the waiter must turn 180-degrees to pick food items placed on the display shelf behind the counter. If a waiter turns in the same direction each time there is an order, they may end up with ankle injuries, or sprains. The second picture shows a young customer squatting to take a closer look at the snacks in the display shelf. A waiter may also need to squat to pick the items in the lower shelves of the display shelf. Figure 2: Inside a Tim Horton’s Cafà © NIOSH Equation The movement that are relevant to the calculation of the NIOSH equation include the movement from the counter to pick packaging materials, and the bending motion needed to pick food items located at the bottom of the display shelf. The display shelf has a number of levels. This makes it more demanding to pick items at the bottom shelf as opposed t items in the higher trays. The measurements taken at the cafeteria showed that the waiters must bend an average of two times every fi ve minutes. The significant measurements needed to find the NIOSH values are given in the table below Average load 0.5 kg Horizontal distance of hands from midpoint 50 cm Distance of the hands to the floor 60 cm Lifting Distance 50 cm Angle of symmetry 45 deg Table 3: NIOSH Parameters RWL = 23 * 0.5 * 0.955 * 0.895 * 0.856 * 0.81 * 1 = 6.82 kg Design Recommendations The analysis presented above opens the way for certain design choices the management of Horton needs to consider. The current design of the workplace can result in long-term injuries. The design choices in questions should help reduce the stress placed in the backs and ankles of the waiters based on the repeat motions they make behind the counter. The design choices are as follows. First, the management of the cafà © needs to consider placing stool behind the counters for waiters to use as they rest. The current design assumes that the waiters do not needs a place to sit because they spend the whole day be hind the counter. This assumption is not correct. Waiters spend a lot of time standing waiting for customers during the off-peak hours. The situation is very different during the Peak hours. In this regard, the management can help to reduce the strain associated with standing for long hours by giving the waiter stools to sit on when the number of customers is low. The type of stool chosen for this task should meet the following criteria. First, it should be high enough for the waiter to sit on it without climbing or first squatting. a situation where the waiter must rise or squat to reach the seat may be counterproductive. This is because repeating this motion many times will only introduce new stress areas. The best solution it to use a height adjustable stool. This will ensure that each waiter can adjust it to a comfortable height. Secondly, the stool should have a backrest, to promote a good sitting posture. Poor sitting postures on stools without backrest can lead to back proble ms. Thirdly, the stool should be able to swivel. This will make it easier to mount and to dismount from the nearest direction. The second element that the management needs to consider is the type of shoes the waiters wear to work. Shoes play a very important role in the way the body distributes loading stresses. One of the reason flat shoes are recommended for pregnant women is that they help them to keep a good posture while walking. This reduces the strain on their backs. Waiters spend very many hours on their feet. This means that one the factors that contribute towards their comfort at work is the type of shoes they wear. In this regard, the management of Tim Horton’s Cafà © should consider introducing a strict policy on the shoes waiters should wear to work. The recommended type of shoes is flat shoes with soft interiors, but with firm rubber soles. a shoe with soft interiors will reduce the pain arising from pressure points associated with tough interiors. The soft int eriors will spread the weight of the wearer across the soles of the feet. This reduces the risk of injury to bones in the feet. Tough rubber exteriors are also very important for two reasons. First, the exteriors should not bulge under the weight of the waiter because that will lead to stress on the ankle joint. Secondly, rubber soles have good grip. This will eliminate the possibility of slipping. In effect, it will eliminate the risk of dislocation while walking in the cafà ©. The third design consideration that the management should make is rearranging the display shelves to reduce the number of times a waiter must bend to pick out items chosen by customers. Several options exist in this regard. The first option is to use a static display shelf for displays, and them to put all the food items in counters, which waiters can reach without bending or squatting. This will eliminate the need to bend. The second option is to determine the position of the food items based in the demand . An analysis of the sale records will reveal the fastest moving items in the cafà ©. These items should be in the highest shelves to reduce the frequency of bending to pick food items. The third option is to eliminate the display shelves all together and find higher shelves for the food items. This will be the most costly option among the ones under consideration. It will require the cafà © to reconstruct its entire counter area. The fourth option would be to use a display shelf that has a conveyer system for lifting food items from the lower shelves to a comfortable height. This option retains the display shelf and all its advantages, and them provides a means of accessing items on the lower shelves while eliminating the need to bend or squat. The fourth redesign option the management needs to consider relates to the placement of the packaging materials. Our analysis showed that the waiters handled the materials in a way that they found convenient. Some of them picked the materi als one by one as needed, while some picked several packages and places them conveniently on the countertop. From this observation, the management should consider aprons designed to hold a limited quantity of packaging materials that can serve about thirty customers. The tradeoff in this case will be between the quantities of packaging materials an apron can hold versus the weight of materials. The advantage that such as apron will provide it that it will eliminate the motions associates with reaching for the packaging materials. This is the most consistent motion the waiters make. Therefore, eliminating it will result in a reduction in long-term injuries. The second advantage of such as apron is that it will eliminate the challenge of using a common height as a parameter. The counter tops have a fixed height. This height is not ideal for all the waiters, whose heights can vary by up to two feet. The apron will ensure that each waiter has the packaging materials at a convenient heig ht. A variation of this idea is to use a belt like the one technicians use for their tools to hold the packaging materials. Budget The cost these measures are presented in the table below. Options Description Cost ($) Counter Stools 5 Resting Stools @ $500 for ensuring the waiters have a place to sit during off-peak hours. 2500 Implement use of appropriate Shoes Hire consultant to find out the best shoes for the purposes. Buy 10 shoes for the [emailprotected] $50 500 Display Shelves Cost of construction of new shelves for food display 1000 Change order of items in the display shelves to bring fast moving items neat the top Nil* (This can be done internally using existing personnel) Install Shelves with conveyors to eliminate bending and Squatting 2000 Giving Waiters Aprons that can store packaging materials Cost of Aprons or Belts @ $20 200 Table 4: Implementation Cost of Ergonomic measures While this report concentrated on the impact of the physical working envi ronment, it is important to note that the motivation of employees also plays a role in the safety of the workplace. This means that Tim Horton’s Cafà © needs to address the other issues such as poor remuneration and feelings of boredom at work. These are leading causes of accidents in many companies. The total cost of implanting the measures proposed will vary depending on the specific measures chosen by the company. References Clute, B. (2012). An Eye on Ergonomics. Automotive Design Production , 42-43. Glassdoor. (2013). Tim Hortons Reviews. Web. Mallon, J. (2012). Dont Just Manage Musculoskeletal Disorders, Drive Performance through Ergonomics. EHS Today , 55-57. Middlesworth, M. (2013). A Step by Step Guide to Using the NIOSH Lifting Equation for Single Tasks. Web. Walters, D., Frick, K., Johnstone, R. (2011). Regulation Workplace Risks: A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Another meaning for Dope

Another meaning for Dope Another meaning for Dope Another meaning for Dope By Maeve Maddox This headline on Buzzfeed caused me to do a double-take: The 4 Dopest Quotes From Ruth Bader Ginsburg On Marriage  Equality Initially, I thought the article so headed would list quotations considered by the writer to be especially misguided or stupid (i.e., â€Å"dopey†). As I read further, I realized that the writer admired Associate Justice Ginsberg’s opinions as expressed in the quotations. The word dopest was intended as a compliment. The word dope has a long and checkered history in English. In its original use, dope referred to a thick liquid or semi-fluid used as an article of food or as a lubricant. The word is thought to derive from Dutch doop, â€Å"a dipping† or â€Å"a sauce.† The Dutch verb doopen means â€Å"to dip.† Other meanings related to the gooey nature of dope include or have included: A preparation, mixture, or drug which is not specifically named. A varnish applied to the cloth surface of early airplanes to strengthen and keep them taut. A substance added to gasoline or other fuel to increase its efficiency. Opium, â€Å"especially the thick treacle-like preparation used in opium-smoking.† US speakers extended this use of dope to include stupefying drugs and narcotics in general. A medical preparation given to a racehorse for the purpose of affecting its performance. Various figurative meanings have become attached to dope: Information, especially on a particular subject or of a kind not widely disseminated or easily obtained. Information, a statement, etc., designed to gloss over or disguise facts; flattering or misleading talk. Something designed to deceive or bamboozle; a fraudulent design or action; a piece of deception or humbug. A stupid person, a simpleton, a fool. Dope is also used as a verb to mean â€Å"apply or to administer dope in one of its senses.† The use of dope as an adjective entered English slang in the 1980s, by way of rap music: 1981  J. Spicer Money (song) in L. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 301  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yo, man, them boys is dope This record is dope.† (OED) As for the word dopest used in the quotation about Justice Ginsberg, it is a slang expression meaning, â€Å"sickest, coolest, tightest, most awesome.† It is not standard usage and does not convey a positive connotation to speakers of standard English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidSocial vs. SocietalWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Research Paper Example Small and medium scale enterprises have shown strong needs to purchase business (specifical accounting ) software in order hasten and make more accurate current manual accounting business transactions. Such companies have back offices where accounting and bookkeeping (Larson, 1995) services are being processed. The medium and larger companies do need software that can make their tasks easier. When the accounting system is accurate and is updated constantly by the computer, then the customers and suppliers will know, as soon as possible (ASAP), what the daily business problems are so that remedies that will lessen the damage done will be put in place earlier. This is where Sage comes to the rescue. Sage will help, in a big way, the small and medium rate industries with their bookkeeping needs and accounting functions. The software, however, is being purchased by some the small companies. Based on the above, the company has been very successful with the present marketing strategy (Thompson, 1999). The income statement clearly shows that there is its present income has been on the rise. Because the present strategy is on the right track, then we will now be implementing a new strategy will be discussed below. This strategy is called Resource based marketing (Kinnear, 1996) strategy. According to Sage Chairman Michael Jackson, Individuals in Sage are being treated very highly and respected as a person. Sage company is constantly invented new products and new processes for its large customers’ activities.

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Research Paper Example Small and medium scale enterprises have shown strong needs to purchase business (specifical accounting ) software in order hasten and make more accurate current manual accounting business transactions. Such companies have back offices where accounting and bookkeeping (Larson, 1995) services are being processed. The medium and larger companies do need software that can make their tasks easier. When the accounting system is accurate and is updated constantly by the computer, then the customers and suppliers will know, as soon as possible (ASAP), what the daily business problems are so that remedies that will lessen the damage done will be put in place earlier. This is where Sage comes to the rescue. Sage will help, in a big way, the small and medium rate industries with their bookkeeping needs and accounting functions. The software, however, is being purchased by some the small companies. Based on the above, the company has been very successful with the present marketing strategy (Thompson, 1999). The income statement clearly shows that there is its present income has been on the rise. Because the present strategy is on the right track, then we will now be implementing a new strategy will be discussed below. This strategy is called Resource based marketing (Kinnear, 1996) strategy. According to Sage Chairman Michael Jackson, Individuals in Sage are being treated very highly and respected as a person. Sage company is constantly invented new products and new processes for its large customers’ activities.

Medicaid Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicaid Health Care Finance - Essay Example Medical Science is still in its development stages as cures for diseases that were incurable are being developed. Such an example is of cancer, Hepatitis B and etc. These diseases were incurable some time ago but the advancement in medical sciences has enabled doctors to cure such diseases. Treatment for these diseases is not only available but is also done at cheap rates that are affordable, but still affordability has been a problem. Medical Science has experienced two major problems in the last decade. Number one is the affordability of treatment and medicines for people and secondly the fraud and abuse of medicines which has become very common around the world (Kelman & Straker, 1999). In this paper we will discuss how the federal government of US has controlled the cost associated with the Medicaid program and how it has helped reduce the Medicaid fraud and abuse. Good health is significant to everyone. If a person can't pay for medical care right now, Medicaid can make it probable for him or her to get the care that is needed so that the person can get healthy and stay fit. Medicaid is obtainable only to certain low-income individuals and families who fit into an eligibility cluster that is recognized by federal and state law. Medicaid does not disburse money to a person instead, it sends payments straight to the person's health care provider (Heiser, 2008). Depending on the state's rules, a person may also be asked to compensate a small division of the charge for a few medical services. Medicaid is a state administered plan and each state sets its individual guidelines regarding eligibility and services. Many groups of people are roofed by Medicaid, even within these groups, though, definite requirements must be met. These may comprise of age, pregnancy, disability, blindness, or old age, income and resources and if a person is a U.S. citiz en or a lawfully admitted immigrant. The regulations for counting the income and resources differ from state to state and from group to group. There are particular rules for those who reside in nursing homes and for disabled children living at home (Commerce Clearing House, 2007). A child may be entitled for coverage if he or she is a U.S. citizen or a lawfully admitted immigrant, even if his or her parents are not. Eligibility for children is based on the child's status, not the parent's. Also, if someone else's child lives with a person, the child may be qualified even if that person is not because the earnings and resources will not add up for the child. Fraud and Abuse The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services CMS is dedicated to fighting fraud and abuse, which redirect dollars that could or else be spent to preserve the health and welfare of Medicaid customers. To fortify its obligation, CMS has implemented a Medicaid veracity module. This is in reply to the requirements of the Deficit Reduction Act DRA of 2005, finalized on February 8, 2006 by the President, in which Congress proposed CMS to establish the Medicaid Integrity Program MIP. In doing so, it spectacularly augmented the resources accessible to CMS to fight fraud, misuse and exploitation in the Medicaid program. The DRA says that a five-year Comprehensive Medicaid Integrity Plan CMIP be printed to guide MIP growth and functions. This CMIP specially discusses statutory necessities, program