Comparison Between Pale Horse, Pale Rider By Katherine Ann...

Comparison Between Pale Horse, Pale Rider By Katherine Ann Porter And The Snows of Kilimanjaro By Ernest Hemingway This paper is going to discuss and analyze fully two short American fiction stories which are Pale horse, Pale Rider by Katherine Ann Porter and The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway. By reading the bibliographies of both these authors, one finds that Porter and Hemingway have met in a certain period of their life, where they could have shared lots of ideas and agreed on lots of different issues. By the end of reading both stories, one notices that there are lots of similarities found in both stories. One of the obviously noticed similarity is the autobiographical elements†¦show more content†¦The author effectively uses the dream to foreshadow the evil and tragedy that will affect Miranda from the world she lives in. after the dream the author moves the reader from the world of Mirandas imagination to the real world by stating an indirect everyday thought But let me get a fine yawn first. The dream world represents the real world. On the other hand, in The Snows of Kilimanjaro the fantasy world and memories of Harrys past are shown by an italic style of typed text, which can be easily determined. Most of Harrys (the protagonist) memories are of his past as a writer and his love affairs. Harry lives his life through his past, he regrets everything he done, hes mentally and physically ill. Harry is very bitter towards the woman, his companion on the wild African safari, his remarks were very cruel and harsh, for example you bitch, you rich bitch. Perhaps the inspiration of Harrys character came from Hemingway who was misogynist himself. Harry blames his failure on everyone but he havent got the cpurage to face reality and blame himself, she shot very well this good, this rich bitch, this kindly

Debut Albums and Champion Free Essays

That’s right, and you need to remember that all through this game I will conquer what has not been conquered Defeat will not be in my creed I will believe what others have doubted I will always endeavor to pull esteem, honor, and respect out of my team I have rained my mind and my body will follow I will acknowledge the fact that my opponent does not expect me to win But I will never surrender Weakness will not be in my heart I will look to my comrades and to those who are a part of me in this world and those who have trained me And I will draw strength from them I will gladly go out into the field of battle And I will move in everything I can do And I will reach my field of battle by any means at my disposal And when I get there, I will arrive violently I will rip the heart from my enemy, and leave it bleeding on the ground Because he annot stop me To my side I have comrades, comrades that have been with me through thick and thin Who have sacrificed their blood, sweat and tears Never will I let them fall, never will I let them down, and I will never leave an enemy behind Because our opponent does not know my heart No one will deny me, no one will define me And no one will tell me who and what I am and can be Belief will change my world It has moved continents, it has moved countries, it has put men on the moon And it will carry me through this battle I don’t understand those definitions I don’t understand when things go wrong I don’t understand mistakes But I do understand this: I understand victory, And I understand never surrendering No matter how bad things go my heart and my mind will carry my body through limits and weakness Who am l? I Today will be that day Not tomorrow, not next week, but right now, right here In your house and in your homes History will remember me I will not let worrying affect my cause I will define myself I will write my own pages And no one will tell me what I cannot be I will never give up Not until IVe given everything I got Because who am l? I AM A CHAMPION! The speech â€Å"I Am a Champion† by coach Flowers is an example of a strong voice. When he is attempting to pump up his players, his voice is extremely firm. He uses good diction like the word â€Å"bestowed† because he wants to be clear to his players so they know what his point is and what he is trying to portray. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Champion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, he doesn’t stutter or use the word â€Å"like† at all during his speech. He wouldn’t use this voice to his elders or co-workers because they would think he is yelling at them or being rude. He only uses this to his players because he is encouraging them to play their hardest and go out there and win the championship. He also knows that they will listen to him because he is the one that taught them everything and he determines how good they will play. Coach Flowers also does not stutter or use â€Å"like† one time in his speech. This shows that he is prepared and he knows what he is talking about. A Strong voice is determined by all of those factors that I described and I believe that coach Flowers does have a strong voice. How to cite Debut Albums and Champion, Papers

Clinical Research Investigator

Question: Describe about the major responsibilities of a clinical research investigator? Answer: Introduction: Clinical research is a research which requires group of people to examine the safety, tolerance, dose and action of a drug. Clinical research obeys a pre- planned protocol. Clinical trial is also known as clinical research. A clinical investigator regulates the full method of clinical research. And the clinical investigator is responsible for all the process. Clinical investigators have so many responsibilities. And the investigator should follow them to get a perfect and appropriate result of the clinical research. It is mandatory to check and follow the plan of clinical research because a fail of clinical research means wastage of huge money. So all the member who are associated to clinical research should have enough knowledge to achieve the goal. Body: The clinical investigators regulate good clinical practice. The clinical investigators prepare a design of the clinical research and also maintain the quality of the clinical research. A good clinical practice is delivered by International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines (investigator responsibilities - regulation and clinical trials, 2015). Good Clinical Practice is a standard for conduct, monitoring, design, performance, reporting, auditing of clinical trials that produces guarantee that the reported results and data are believable and precise. The design of clinical trial certifies the integrity and quality of data which are assembled in clinical trial and also secures the safety, rights and welfare of participants of research. The whole clinical research is performed in the supervision of the clinical investigator. The clinical research investigator is an independent person who actually organizes a clinical research. By the instant direction the new drug is distribut ed to a subject (Guidance for Industry Investigator Responsibilities Protecting the Rights, Safety, and Welfare of Study Subjects, 2015). The investigation is regulated by a team of persons and the head is the clinical research investigator in the whole team. The investigator is also responsible for each of the opinion of the whole team. The investigator conducts and begins the investigations. The clinical research investigator has the power to control and stop the research immediately. The clinical research investigator should have appropriate knowledge to perform, conduct, design, monitoring the whole research. It is the responsibility of the clinical research investigator to supervise and conduct the research process. The investigator should inform the subject initially that it is the investigational process of new drug development. The clinical research investigator has some general responsibilities, and also they control the drug which is used for the research (Ccr.med.keio.ac .jp, 2015). It is the responsibility of the clinical research investigator to keep the record and hold the record for further investigation. The clinical research investigator should maintain the sufficient record of the character of the drug. It is the responsibility of clinical research investigator to keep all clinical data and also precise case history. The investigator should maintain the data appropriate to the investigation on each person administered and also investigational drug which is used as control (Baer et al., 2011). An investigator is needed to preserve all the clinical record data. The clinical trial data are preserved for two years because two years are required for the approval of the marketing application for the investigational drugs. The drug is investigated for the approval of marketing application. After two years the investigation is terminated if the marketing application is not approved. There are four investigator reports. And the reports are safety repo rts, progress report, final report and financial disclosure. It is the responsibility of the investigator to cover any adverse effects that is shocking or life threatening or serious or surprising. The clinical research investigator punctually covers any adverse event which is caused by the drug (roles and responsibilities in clinical trial, 2015). The clinical research investigator responsibilities are control of investigational drug, record holding and keeping and report forming. The clinical research investigator is disqualificated if the frequently intentional failure is observed. So the responsibility of the investigator is very important. Food and Drug Administration delivers a notice to the clinical research investigator and gives a chance to explain. Conclusion: The responsibility of the clinical research investigator is very crucial. And the clinical research investigator is responsible for the whole process (Nichd.nih.gov, 2015). A set of people or a specific person in required in clinical research. Their actions or tissues are needed for the study of clinical research. So the full method is very critical to handle. And the responsibility of a investigator is very important because the whole method of clinical research depends on the clinical research investigator. A predefined procedure or a master plan is needed for developing a clinical research. And this predefined procedure or master plan is created by the clinical research investigator. So the responsibility of the clinical research investigator is very important and significant. References: Baer, A., Devine, S., Beardmore, C. and Catalano, R. (2011). Clinical Investigator Responsibilities.Journal of Oncology Practice, 7(2), pp.124-128. Ccr.med.keio.ac.jp, (2015).Module 3: Investigator Role Responsibilities. [online] Available at: https://www.ccr.med.keio.ac.jp/e_learning/UM_E-Learning_US/mod03/index.html [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Guidance for Industry Investigator Responsibilities Protecting the Rights, Safety, and Welfare of Study Subjects. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/.../Guidances/UCM187772.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. investigator responsibilities - regulation and clinical trials. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Training/ClinicalInvestigatorTrainingCourse/UCM283301.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Nichd.nih.gov, (2015).Clinical Trials Clinical Research. [online] Available at: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/clinicalresearch/Pages/index.aspx [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. roles and responsibilities in clinical trial. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.centerwatch.com/pdfs/s11604_ch4.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015].

Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy

Summary The article analyses the merger between two firms in Canada that operate in different sectors Morneau Shepell is an HR consulting firm. It also offers outsourcing services to other firms (Gibson Para. 2) The company provides assistance programs for employees and families as well as pension plans and retirement plans for employees Collage Pediatric Therapy is a private firm that specializes in pediatric care Morneau’s vice president, Stephen Liptrap, believes that this acquisition will allow Morneau Shepell expand its market in Canada to include children’s services The acquisition is expected to absorb some employees from Collage Pediatric Therapy Morneau has about 3,000 employees in various offices spread across Canada Human Resource Function In this acquisition, the employees of Collage Pediatric Therapy will be absorbed into Morneau Shepell. Therefore, the post-merger integration of employees will affect employees of Collage. These employees can be an asset or a cost to Morneau depending on the merger agreement.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Morneau’s HR manager has to scrutinize the policies and practices in Collage in order to facilitate a smooth transition of employees into Morneau’s human resources. He has to harmonize the benefits, leaves, vacations, compensations, and payroll of the new employees to match those of Morneau. The news item in this article relates to labor relations problems that are consistent with acquisitions. Labor relations will be affected by new acquisition; new HR responsibilities including arbitration and mediation are likely to emerge. The restructuring and integration of Collage employees into Morneau is an important HR function. HR managers will ensure that all issues concerning labor relations are consistent with labor laws regarding acquisitions. Thus, this article emphasizes on the ethical responsibilities of organizations, which are related to managerial ethics in employee relations. In this particular acquisition, the unpaid interns attached at Collage Pediatric Therapy will be most affected by the acquisition. The restructuring following acquisition will affect various human resource functions including recruitment and training of interns at Collage. HR students and professionals would be interested in this news item because ‘unpaid interns’ are usually not considered employees of the company. Thus, following the acquisition, disputes concerning interns would be more difficult to handle than the regular employee-employer disputes. In addition, assigning roles and responsibilities to the interns in the new company would be a challenge for HR managers. One important question is; what is the best way to deal with employee issues that arise from acquisitions with a point in case being the unpaid i nterns attached at Collage Pediatric Therapy. Works Cited Gibson, Nathan. â€Å"Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy.† CNW 3 Sept. 2013. Newswire.ca. Web.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article on Morneau Shepell acquires Collage Pediatric Therapy was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Hortons Café Franchise

Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Hortons Cafà © Franchise The safety of workers in the workplace is becoming an important aspect of business. In recent years, the number of employees suing their former employers has been increasing. Many workers sue their former employers for workplace injuries accruing over time. Unlike accidents, the impact of long-term exposure to bad working conditions is difficult to prove.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because an employer can argue that the employee had an underlying condition, or that the employee condition occurs to many regardless of working conditions. The best way for lawyers on both sides to determine the truth in regards to long-term injuries is by carrying out an ergonomic analysis of the working environment of an employee. This paper presents the findings and recommendations of an ergonomics analysis carried out at Cafes in Canada. The goal of the analysis was to determine whether the working conditions in the fast food restaurants are safe for workers. The specific systems investigated in the exercise were the service lines. Background Tim Horton’s Cafà © began operations in 1964, taking the name of one of the founders, who was a Canadian Hockey player. The company opened several branches in Canada, and later started licensing franchises across Canada and the United States. The franchise agreements did not include any standards regarding work practices the cafà ©s. The result is that each store has variable staff safety standards. The danger with this is that Tim Horton cafà ©s with poor ergonomic practices can destroy the reputation of he Horton Brand, leading to loss of business across North America. In addition, the company will find itself with many cases in court relating to workplace injuries suffered from long-term exposure to poor working conditions. Structure of the Report This p aper has four main sections. The first section looks at the ergonomic problems of workplace design and work practices. It identifies the problems with the workplace design of Tim Horton’s Cafà ©s. The second section deals with an assessment of these problems. The assessment will analyze various facet of the working environment at the Cafà ©. The third section presents the result of the analysis and the final sections identifies redesign consideration that the cafà © needs to make. Problem Identification The main area of interest in this project was the safety of the staff working inside any of the Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchises in Canada. The staff is very vulnerable to low intensity strain that may accrue into long-term injuries. They do repetitive jobs that involve carrying various loads and using certain postures repeatedly. As pointed out earlier, the concerns identified relate to the long-term impact of repeated exposure to some of the tasks associated with th eir jobsAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Any Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchise has a manager, waiters, cashiers, and chefs. The actual number of employees in each cafà © depends on the proprietor. The specific members of staff this analysis focused on were the waiters. Their main job is to take client orders and to fill them. The service model used in Tim Horton’s Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s is predominantly, self-service. The clients buy food from a counters and goes with the food to the eating area. The waiters work is behind the counter, taking the orders and filling them. The tasks a waiter handles are a follows. First, the waiter receives a receipt from the client across the counter. Secondly, the waiter studies the receipt and places it in a receipt box. The waiter then picks the appropriate packaging for the food items required by the client. Thirdly, the waiter picks the food, and packs it. Finally, the waiters place the food on a tray, and hands it back to the client. In many stores, food such as donuts, cakes and pastries are on display racks under the counter. The waiter simply picks the food and packs it. In some cases, the waiter must make an order by asking the kitchen staff to prepare a food item. This is common with burgers and sand witches. The kitchen staff prepares the food items and hands them over to the waiter, who then packs them and hands them over to clients across the counter. The waiters have several pieces of equipment at their disposal when handling their duties. First, they have microwave ovens for heating food quickly. Secondly, they have juice dispensers for fresh juices. Thirdly, the waiters use touch-screen pads to place orders to the kitchen for food items that are not in the display racks at the counter. The major risks that waiters face while working at Tim Horton’s Cafà © include lower back stra in, ankle injuries, and neck injuries. These risks come from the constant bending, turning, and movement of hands while serving customers. The movements a waiter makes between studying a receipt and packing food involves turning, and bending. Repeated turning can put pressure on the ankle joints and the knees. The bending and long hours of standing can lead to back pains. In addition, the constant crouching to pick up food items at the lower shelves of the display counter can also lead to neck pains. This means that the main design principles needed to address these concerns should be those that solve problems associated with repeated stress on the back, ankles and knees, and the neck. Assessment The focus of this project was to explore different ways of making the work of the waiters more convenient using ergonomic principles. This called for an in depth analysis of the tasks and the work done by the waiters. During the process of problems identification, it was possible to identif y the main tasks carried out by a waiter behind the counter. This section deals with an in-depth assessment of these tasks about potential bodily injuries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ergonomic Redesign of a Tim Horton’s Cafà © Franchise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Procedure The three main methods used to gather information about the operations at Tim Horton’s Cafà © were as follows. First, observation proved very useful in determining how the food service process works at Tim Horton’s Cafà ©. Secondly, interviews with staff proves useful in finding out what their view were regarding the working conditions. They were simple interview simply aiming at finding out what they felt were the biggest challenges associated with their work. The third method was an online review of the view of former Tim Horton’s employees on glassdoor.com. The reviews used in the analysis were all fro m the month of November 2013. Findings The observations took place for a period of two hours on a Saturday evening. This is one of the peak times for the cafà ©. The waiters were aware of the process. The objectives of the process were as follows. First, it was important to develop metrics for use in carrying out ergonomic analysis of the working conditions in the cafà ©. Secondly, the process sought to identify the challenges of working as a waiter in a Tim Horton’s Cafà © of relevance to ergonomics. Thirdly, the observation exercise aimed at finding out how often the cashiers took breaks, and any signs of agitation by clients based on customer service. The main observations made in regards to the time spent on various tasks were as follows. On average, it took a waiter 45 seconds to fill an order. The sizes of orders varied from a single cup of coffee to trays of assorted snacks. Serving single items was the quickest for of service. It took longer to prepare sandwiches a nd burgers. The second observation was that a waiter bends or squats at least twice every five minutes. The main reason for this is the design of the display shelves. If a client ordered something in the shelves, the waiters had to bend or squat to reach it. The third main observation was that the waiters made a 360-degree turn (or equivalent) at least once every five minutes. This usually occurred when clients ordered food that was not in the display shelves. The waiter had to turn to the kitchen window and place the order. Finally, the observations revealed that accessing packaging material broke the serving routine whenever a waiter needed to open a new batch of packaging materials.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interviews with the waiters were very brief. They took place just before the waiters left their stations at the end of their shifts. Three waiters were interviewed. The waiters were asked to respond to three questions. The three questions were as follows. What are the most challenging aspects of your job? Are suffering from any recurrent bodily pain that you associate with this job? What changes would you like to see in your working conditions? The answers to the first question were as follows. First, the waiters said that the most challenging aspect of their job was standing for long hours. A normal shift lasted for eight hours. Each of their shifts had at least one peak time. The peak time for the morning shift was between 12.00 pm and 2.00 pm, which coincides with lunch hour. The second peak time was between 5.30 pm to 8.00 pm. During those hours, the waiter said that they have to work on their feet with barely any time to rest. For the slower hours, it is possible to take breaks. However, as long as the waiter is behind the counter, the waiter must remain standing. The design of the area did not anticipate the need for sitting. Secondly, the waiters all reported that they had minor back pain and inflammation of their soles. They also said that they frequently suffer from headaches and dizziness at the end of their shifts, depending on how stressful the day was. When asked about the changes they would like to see in the workplace to make their working environment more pleasant, they said that they would like to have comfortable resting chairs for use during the slow hours of the day. The third aspect of the assessment of the working conditions at the Tim Horton’s Cafà © was an online review using glassdoor.com. Glassdoor.com is a website that collects reviews from former employees on the working conditions of the companies they worked in. So far, glassdoor.com has over 280 reviews from former Tim Horton’s Cafà © employees. The review u ndertaken for this project used the employee reviews posted in the month of November 2013. The format of the data available from glassdoor.com include the duration the reviewer worked at the company, the position they held in the company, and the pros and cons of working for the company. They review also allows former employees to indicate whether they would recommend the company to a friend, and to offer any advice to the senior management. The results obtained that are relevant to ergonomics were as follows. First, the reviewers felt that the best part of working in a Tim Horton’s Cafà © was that it gave someone an opportunity to meet many people, learn about customer service, and grow under the supervision of the managers. On the list of cons, the highest rated negative experience was standing for long hours. Three out of the ten reviewers singled this as their worst experience. Table 1 below shows the cons given by employees to glassdoor.com. Figure 1: Cons of working in a Tim Horton’s Cafe One of the main observations from this review was that standing for long- hours was a source of concern for two employees. These two employees both worked as cashiers in the company. The rest worked in other department. The rest of the issues show that there is a morale problem in the company. Many employees feel that they pay is too low, and that the environment is too stressful. Stress can lead to accidents in the workplace. Too much tension can also affect the quality of customer care in the cafà ©. Results The analyses of the findings made above are as follows Task Analysis The tasks a waiter performs when serving clients are as follows Receiving receipt from cashier Studying receipt and placing it in receipt box (Order confirmation) If food needs preparation, placing order to the kitchen Picking packaging material Picking food item or/and Pouring drinks Placing food items in tray Handing over the food to client These a waiter must complete at le ast six of the eight tasks listed. The options available arise of the waiter does not need to order a food item from the kitchen, and whether not the client want both food and drinks. Table 1: Task Analysis The analysis of the tasks carried out by the waiters revealed several things. The tasks that require the most physical exertion are tasks iv-vii. The previous one do not require much movement in the service area. The first significant task from an ergonomic point of view is the picking of packaging materials. Every order made must be packed for the client. This means that each time a client makes an order the waiter must make this motion before proceeding to the next step. The implication of this task is that minor changes in the position of the packaging materials can result in significant changes in the working conditions of the waiter. It is imperative to ensure that the packing materials are at a comfortable height for each waiter. The second task of interest from an ergonom ic perspective is the picking of food items, either from the kitchen, or from the display shelves. This activity is also repeated severally making it a significant source of strain for the waiters. The third point arising from the analysis of the tasks taking place at the counter is that the waiters make circular motions if the food items ordered are not inside the display shelf in front of the waiter. These circular motions can lead to lateral strain in the ankles especially of the waiter turns in the same direction each time. The final task of interest is placing food items in the tray. While the waiters do this for only a short period, it represents the time when they carry peak lead as they hand it over to the customer, Depending on the size of the order, the weight of the tray can range from 0.5 kg to 4 kg. This is very significant because repeated loading can led to strain and back injury. Diagram 1 below shows a waiter in a Tim Horton’s Cafà © serving coffee. The layo ut of this store is such that the waiter must turn 180-degrees to pick food items placed on the display shelf behind the counter. If a waiter turns in the same direction each time there is an order, they may end up with ankle injuries, or sprains. The second picture shows a young customer squatting to take a closer look at the snacks in the display shelf. A waiter may also need to squat to pick the items in the lower shelves of the display shelf. Figure 2: Inside a Tim Horton’s Cafà © NIOSH Equation The movement that are relevant to the calculation of the NIOSH equation include the movement from the counter to pick packaging materials, and the bending motion needed to pick food items located at the bottom of the display shelf. The display shelf has a number of levels. This makes it more demanding to pick items at the bottom shelf as opposed t items in the higher trays. The measurements taken at the cafeteria showed that the waiters must bend an average of two times every fi ve minutes. The significant measurements needed to find the NIOSH values are given in the table below Average load 0.5 kg Horizontal distance of hands from midpoint 50 cm Distance of the hands to the floor 60 cm Lifting Distance 50 cm Angle of symmetry 45 deg Table 3: NIOSH Parameters RWL = 23 * 0.5 * 0.955 * 0.895 * 0.856 * 0.81 * 1 = 6.82 kg Design Recommendations The analysis presented above opens the way for certain design choices the management of Horton needs to consider. The current design of the workplace can result in long-term injuries. The design choices in questions should help reduce the stress placed in the backs and ankles of the waiters based on the repeat motions they make behind the counter. The design choices are as follows. First, the management of the cafà © needs to consider placing stool behind the counters for waiters to use as they rest. The current design assumes that the waiters do not needs a place to sit because they spend the whole day be hind the counter. This assumption is not correct. Waiters spend a lot of time standing waiting for customers during the off-peak hours. The situation is very different during the Peak hours. In this regard, the management can help to reduce the strain associated with standing for long hours by giving the waiter stools to sit on when the number of customers is low. The type of stool chosen for this task should meet the following criteria. First, it should be high enough for the waiter to sit on it without climbing or first squatting. a situation where the waiter must rise or squat to reach the seat may be counterproductive. This is because repeating this motion many times will only introduce new stress areas. The best solution it to use a height adjustable stool. This will ensure that each waiter can adjust it to a comfortable height. Secondly, the stool should have a backrest, to promote a good sitting posture. Poor sitting postures on stools without backrest can lead to back proble ms. Thirdly, the stool should be able to swivel. This will make it easier to mount and to dismount from the nearest direction. The second element that the management needs to consider is the type of shoes the waiters wear to work. Shoes play a very important role in the way the body distributes loading stresses. One of the reason flat shoes are recommended for pregnant women is that they help them to keep a good posture while walking. This reduces the strain on their backs. Waiters spend very many hours on their feet. This means that one the factors that contribute towards their comfort at work is the type of shoes they wear. In this regard, the management of Tim Horton’s Cafà © should consider introducing a strict policy on the shoes waiters should wear to work. The recommended type of shoes is flat shoes with soft interiors, but with firm rubber soles. a shoe with soft interiors will reduce the pain arising from pressure points associated with tough interiors. The soft int eriors will spread the weight of the wearer across the soles of the feet. This reduces the risk of injury to bones in the feet. Tough rubber exteriors are also very important for two reasons. First, the exteriors should not bulge under the weight of the waiter because that will lead to stress on the ankle joint. Secondly, rubber soles have good grip. This will eliminate the possibility of slipping. In effect, it will eliminate the risk of dislocation while walking in the cafà ©. The third design consideration that the management should make is rearranging the display shelves to reduce the number of times a waiter must bend to pick out items chosen by customers. Several options exist in this regard. The first option is to use a static display shelf for displays, and them to put all the food items in counters, which waiters can reach without bending or squatting. This will eliminate the need to bend. The second option is to determine the position of the food items based in the demand . An analysis of the sale records will reveal the fastest moving items in the cafà ©. These items should be in the highest shelves to reduce the frequency of bending to pick food items. The third option is to eliminate the display shelves all together and find higher shelves for the food items. This will be the most costly option among the ones under consideration. It will require the cafà © to reconstruct its entire counter area. The fourth option would be to use a display shelf that has a conveyer system for lifting food items from the lower shelves to a comfortable height. This option retains the display shelf and all its advantages, and them provides a means of accessing items on the lower shelves while eliminating the need to bend or squat. The fourth redesign option the management needs to consider relates to the placement of the packaging materials. Our analysis showed that the waiters handled the materials in a way that they found convenient. Some of them picked the materi als one by one as needed, while some picked several packages and places them conveniently on the countertop. From this observation, the management should consider aprons designed to hold a limited quantity of packaging materials that can serve about thirty customers. The tradeoff in this case will be between the quantities of packaging materials an apron can hold versus the weight of materials. The advantage that such as apron will provide it that it will eliminate the motions associates with reaching for the packaging materials. This is the most consistent motion the waiters make. Therefore, eliminating it will result in a reduction in long-term injuries. The second advantage of such as apron is that it will eliminate the challenge of using a common height as a parameter. The counter tops have a fixed height. This height is not ideal for all the waiters, whose heights can vary by up to two feet. The apron will ensure that each waiter has the packaging materials at a convenient heig ht. A variation of this idea is to use a belt like the one technicians use for their tools to hold the packaging materials. Budget The cost these measures are presented in the table below. Options Description Cost ($) Counter Stools 5 Resting Stools @ $500 for ensuring the waiters have a place to sit during off-peak hours. 2500 Implement use of appropriate Shoes Hire consultant to find out the best shoes for the purposes. Buy 10 shoes for the [emailprotected] $50 500 Display Shelves Cost of construction of new shelves for food display 1000 Change order of items in the display shelves to bring fast moving items neat the top Nil* (This can be done internally using existing personnel) Install Shelves with conveyors to eliminate bending and Squatting 2000 Giving Waiters Aprons that can store packaging materials Cost of Aprons or Belts @ $20 200 Table 4: Implementation Cost of Ergonomic measures While this report concentrated on the impact of the physical working envi ronment, it is important to note that the motivation of employees also plays a role in the safety of the workplace. This means that Tim Horton’s Cafà © needs to address the other issues such as poor remuneration and feelings of boredom at work. These are leading causes of accidents in many companies. The total cost of implanting the measures proposed will vary depending on the specific measures chosen by the company. References Clute, B. (2012). An Eye on Ergonomics. Automotive Design Production , 42-43. Glassdoor. (2013). Tim Hortons Reviews. Web. Mallon, J. (2012). Dont Just Manage Musculoskeletal Disorders, Drive Performance through Ergonomics. EHS Today , 55-57. Middlesworth, M. (2013). A Step by Step Guide to Using the NIOSH Lifting Equation for Single Tasks. Web. Walters, D., Frick, K., Johnstone, R. (2011). Regulation Workplace Risks: A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Another meaning for Dope

Another meaning for Dope Another meaning for Dope Another meaning for Dope By Maeve Maddox This headline on Buzzfeed caused me to do a double-take: The 4 Dopest Quotes From Ruth Bader Ginsburg On Marriage  Equality Initially, I thought the article so headed would list quotations considered by the writer to be especially misguided or stupid (i.e., â€Å"dopey†). As I read further, I realized that the writer admired Associate Justice Ginsberg’s opinions as expressed in the quotations. The word dopest was intended as a compliment. The word dope has a long and checkered history in English. In its original use, dope referred to a thick liquid or semi-fluid used as an article of food or as a lubricant. The word is thought to derive from Dutch doop, â€Å"a dipping† or â€Å"a sauce.† The Dutch verb doopen means â€Å"to dip.† Other meanings related to the gooey nature of dope include or have included: A preparation, mixture, or drug which is not specifically named. A varnish applied to the cloth surface of early airplanes to strengthen and keep them taut. A substance added to gasoline or other fuel to increase its efficiency. Opium, â€Å"especially the thick treacle-like preparation used in opium-smoking.† US speakers extended this use of dope to include stupefying drugs and narcotics in general. A medical preparation given to a racehorse for the purpose of affecting its performance. Various figurative meanings have become attached to dope: Information, especially on a particular subject or of a kind not widely disseminated or easily obtained. Information, a statement, etc., designed to gloss over or disguise facts; flattering or misleading talk. Something designed to deceive or bamboozle; a fraudulent design or action; a piece of deception or humbug. A stupid person, a simpleton, a fool. Dope is also used as a verb to mean â€Å"apply or to administer dope in one of its senses.† The use of dope as an adjective entered English slang in the 1980s, by way of rap music: 1981  J. Spicer Money (song) in L. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 301  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yo, man, them boys is dope This record is dope.† (OED) As for the word dopest used in the quotation about Justice Ginsberg, it is a slang expression meaning, â€Å"sickest, coolest, tightest, most awesome.† It is not standard usage and does not convey a positive connotation to speakers of standard English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidSocial vs. SocietalWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Research Paper Example Small and medium scale enterprises have shown strong needs to purchase business (specifical accounting ) software in order hasten and make more accurate current manual accounting business transactions. Such companies have back offices where accounting and bookkeeping (Larson, 1995) services are being processed. The medium and larger companies do need software that can make their tasks easier. When the accounting system is accurate and is updated constantly by the computer, then the customers and suppliers will know, as soon as possible (ASAP), what the daily business problems are so that remedies that will lessen the damage done will be put in place earlier. This is where Sage comes to the rescue. Sage will help, in a big way, the small and medium rate industries with their bookkeeping needs and accounting functions. The software, however, is being purchased by some the small companies. Based on the above, the company has been very successful with the present marketing strategy (Thompson, 1999). The income statement clearly shows that there is its present income has been on the rise. Because the present strategy is on the right track, then we will now be implementing a new strategy will be discussed below. This strategy is called Resource based marketing (Kinnear, 1996) strategy. According to Sage Chairman Michael Jackson, Individuals in Sage are being treated very highly and respected as a person. Sage company is constantly invented new products and new processes for its large customers’ activities.

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Research Paper Example Small and medium scale enterprises have shown strong needs to purchase business (specifical accounting ) software in order hasten and make more accurate current manual accounting business transactions. Such companies have back offices where accounting and bookkeeping (Larson, 1995) services are being processed. The medium and larger companies do need software that can make their tasks easier. When the accounting system is accurate and is updated constantly by the computer, then the customers and suppliers will know, as soon as possible (ASAP), what the daily business problems are so that remedies that will lessen the damage done will be put in place earlier. This is where Sage comes to the rescue. Sage will help, in a big way, the small and medium rate industries with their bookkeeping needs and accounting functions. The software, however, is being purchased by some the small companies. Based on the above, the company has been very successful with the present marketing strategy (Thompson, 1999). The income statement clearly shows that there is its present income has been on the rise. Because the present strategy is on the right track, then we will now be implementing a new strategy will be discussed below. This strategy is called Resource based marketing (Kinnear, 1996) strategy. According to Sage Chairman Michael Jackson, Individuals in Sage are being treated very highly and respected as a person. Sage company is constantly invented new products and new processes for its large customers’ activities.

Medicaid Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicaid Health Care Finance - Essay Example Medical Science is still in its development stages as cures for diseases that were incurable are being developed. Such an example is of cancer, Hepatitis B and etc. These diseases were incurable some time ago but the advancement in medical sciences has enabled doctors to cure such diseases. Treatment for these diseases is not only available but is also done at cheap rates that are affordable, but still affordability has been a problem. Medical Science has experienced two major problems in the last decade. Number one is the affordability of treatment and medicines for people and secondly the fraud and abuse of medicines which has become very common around the world (Kelman & Straker, 1999). In this paper we will discuss how the federal government of US has controlled the cost associated with the Medicaid program and how it has helped reduce the Medicaid fraud and abuse. Good health is significant to everyone. If a person can't pay for medical care right now, Medicaid can make it probable for him or her to get the care that is needed so that the person can get healthy and stay fit. Medicaid is obtainable only to certain low-income individuals and families who fit into an eligibility cluster that is recognized by federal and state law. Medicaid does not disburse money to a person instead, it sends payments straight to the person's health care provider (Heiser, 2008). Depending on the state's rules, a person may also be asked to compensate a small division of the charge for a few medical services. Medicaid is a state administered plan and each state sets its individual guidelines regarding eligibility and services. Many groups of people are roofed by Medicaid, even within these groups, though, definite requirements must be met. These may comprise of age, pregnancy, disability, blindness, or old age, income and resources and if a person is a U.S. citiz en or a lawfully admitted immigrant. The regulations for counting the income and resources differ from state to state and from group to group. There are particular rules for those who reside in nursing homes and for disabled children living at home (Commerce Clearing House, 2007). A child may be entitled for coverage if he or she is a U.S. citizen or a lawfully admitted immigrant, even if his or her parents are not. Eligibility for children is based on the child's status, not the parent's. Also, if someone else's child lives with a person, the child may be qualified even if that person is not because the earnings and resources will not add up for the child. Fraud and Abuse The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services CMS is dedicated to fighting fraud and abuse, which redirect dollars that could or else be spent to preserve the health and welfare of Medicaid customers. To fortify its obligation, CMS has implemented a Medicaid veracity module. This is in reply to the requirements of the Deficit Reduction Act DRA of 2005, finalized on February 8, 2006 by the President, in which Congress proposed CMS to establish the Medicaid Integrity Program MIP. In doing so, it spectacularly augmented the resources accessible to CMS to fight fraud, misuse and exploitation in the Medicaid program. The DRA says that a five-year Comprehensive Medicaid Integrity Plan CMIP be printed to guide MIP growth and functions. This CMIP specially discusses statutory necessities, program

Business Card Etiquette Essay Example for Free

Business Card Etiquette Essay Business Card Etiquette: A Must Master Have you ever experienced how mortifying it is when you’re asked for a business card and you don’t have any? Either you forgot to bring one or run out of business cards, this incident is embarrassing both to the asker and to the one being asked for. Habitually forgetting the business cards is the most famous neglect that someone makes when it comes to business card etiquette. In the business world it is important to always remember the business card etiquette as this would speak much of you and the business that you are representing. So, what do we have to be harking backed to when it comes to business card etiquette? First, it is always helpful to have a system to remember to bring a bunch of cool business cards with you every time. Put it in a business portfolio or your purse or desk drawer or a cool business card holder, whichever is applicable and more convenient for you. As one of your most important marketing weapon, a cool business card should always be present in business meetings and basically everywhere. This system would also save you from doing the same mistake that most forgetful entrepreneurs do. The second business card etiquette you should be dredging up on is that it should present creativity. Creative business cards not only state your name, contact numbers, or company logo. The style itself should discourse what kind of service you do or product you provide. You might even want to try cool digital business cards if you’re on the PC or electronic business world. Creative business cards give respect to the card giver and receiver alike. Third thing to consider in business card etiquette is the poise of the card. Cool business cards make the receiver want to keep the card for some reasons like future reference or simply because it is something likable. Either way, cool business cards promote boost in the owner’s individuality. The last and most important thing to ruminate in business card etiquette is the manner on how you present your card. Handing over wrinkled, torn or stained business cards give a reflection on how you see the receiver. This is a big no, especially when you’re dealing with CEOs and managers of companies. Also, it is but proper not to present business cards during personal or emotional correspondence like condolences, get well soons, and even congratulations. So, you can understand that business card etiquette is as much as important as the card itself. Mastering it not only brings potential income to the business but a lasting impression of good reputation as well. Design diaries batch 2 (9-28) 9. China  Travel Depotwww. chinatraveldepot. com Anyone planning to travel along China might want to browse www. chinatraveldepot. com, the official website of the top destination service provider of the country. The site provides information regarding China activities, flights, hotels, tour packages, cars rental, Yangtze cruises, top China tours, prices, and promotions. Basically, what they offer is within- China travel services. But they also provide an option for add- on international travel services by teaming up with Expedia, one of the leading online tour operator in the world. The company also deals with the possibility of customization options and packages to provide the perfect travel destination. China Travel Depot serves over 60 chain stores and outlets located all over China. 10. Extreme Piewww. xtremepie. com It’s up for the hippies to search for the biggest surf, snow, ride, and skate brands online at www. extremepie. com. Nike, Oakley, Nixon, Jansport, Billabong, Converse, Sanuk, Roxy, Havaianas, Element, and Reef are just some of the wide array of brands to choose from. The site features a full assortment of styles that are hip for the current season. Products are categ orized as to usage (by ladies, men, and kids), gift items, and hardware. Extreme Pie offers their customers with a 110% price promise and a good pact of 90 day returns policy(both subject to company’s discretion). The company also gives a deal of free delivery for UK Mainland residents at some point detailed in the terms. 11. Fitness Footwear  www. fitnessfootwear. com If someone is looking for quality footwear, fitnessfootwear. com is a must- visit site for him. Trendy and superior footwear from brands like Adidas, Birkenstock, Reebok,The North face, Under Armor Tactical, New Balance, Havaianas, Merrell, Vivo Barefoot, Fitflop, Hi- Tec, and Saucony are in store at www. fitnessfootwear. com. Another great feature of this site is that it has a shoe size converter for UK, Europe, and USA shoes. Visitors can choose from the variety of Running, Toning, Casual, Outdoor men’s and women’s shoes, insoles, socks, and accessories. To top all that, product updates, promotions, and discounts are given to customers who sign up to the FitnessFootwear. com newsletter. 12. Moonbasawww. moonbasa. us Moonbasa is powered by Mola Group, a China- based company established in 2007, which currently have 800 employees. They specialize in women underwear and clothing but also offer other products such as shoes, handbags, home textile used outdoors and indoors, and Euro- style apparel. They have an elite staff of hunting professionals like Terry Drury, Mark Drury, Jay Gregory, Spook Span, Ronnie â€Å"Cuz† Strickland, Hank Parker, Rick Kreuter, Keith Beam, and more. The company started in the 70’s when the owner, Pete Shepley, experimented with new ideas for bow release aids. From flexible plastic arrow vane to replace the feathers, he trialed to the perfection of his first compound bow. Today, the line of PSE products vastly includes Pro Series Bows, Main Line Bows, Field Ready Bows, Recurve Bows, and a lot more.

The Touch, The Feel Of Hemp-- The Fiber Of Our Lives :: essays research papers

The Touch, The Feel of Hemp-- The Fiber of Our Lives Imagine how useful a Swiss Army Knife with more than 2500 functions would be if it was compact enough to be manageable. And imagine that this â€Å"knife† could help solve some very important problems that plague our environment as well as our society. Now think if the production of this tool was to be banned by the government. There would have to be some very strong reasons for the government to deny this extremely useful product to the people it governs. If the reasons for this interdiction were not very strong it would be absurd to think that the ban would last for an extended period of time. Well some people will be surprised to know that this very injustice is happening as we speak right here in our wonderful United States of America. The injustice I am describing is our governments ban on the cultivation of the hemp plant in our country. In this article I hope to inform the uninformed and reinform the misinformed on the subject of the hemp plant and how it would benefit us to encourage its widespread production. Industrial hemp is only a cousin of the drug producing plant, marijuana, but as far as the government is concerned they are the same things. Even though there is no chance a person could get high from smoking hemp, the government still prohibits its growth. Hemp does contain some THC, the chemical in pot that makes you high, but only a trace amount. To get the same buzz that a person would get from smoking one marijuana cigarette you would have to smoke twenty or thirty rolled from hemp and you would have to do in about the same amount of time. Common sense tells us that smoking this much of anything in a short amount of time would make you sick. If you smoke some industrial hemp you will only get a headache, and if you smoke more you will only get a bigger headache. The government has the same reason for the banning marijuana as they do for the ban on hemp, when hemp only contains trace amounts of the intoxicants that makes it illegal. Hemp can be compared to non-alcoholic beer, nut meg, cough syrup and mouthwash. NA beer and mouthwash contain alcohol, but nobody drinks them to get drunk. Nutmeg and cough syrup contain some psychoactive substances, but nobody uses these common products to get high.

Essay-Still Alice by Lisa Genova

Alice grew and evolved while everybody else changed Before reading Still Alice, I did not know this is what Alzheimer’s patients went through. I had no clue. I thought they were bed ridden and depressed, secluded in a dark room. But, for Alice this was life and while she grew and developed, others around her changed. Her relationships with her family and colleagues changed. Lisa Genova could not have picked a better disease. I think it was a blessing in disguise for Alice. Of course not to say that she should have gotten it.But, if she had cancer or ALS like what Morrie had in Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie, Alice would have been a â€Å"hero. † On the contrary, she was repulsed and repelled by her society and her husband failed to understand her. This made her a stronger woman. She grew because she had dementia. Throughout the book, Genova reiterates that we think of success in terms of career and credentials. I am not impervious to that either. A person who is apparently really advanced in his or her career is deemed successful and the people, who work behind the scenes for example, being a mother, are not.Of course, Alice had a very successful career at Harvard. But, when she no longer wore â€Å"the imaginary blue ribbon†, she was no longer worth the respect and attention she used to get. Almost everybody’s attitude changed towards her. Alice had recalled them as people who â€Å"supported each other through slumps of negative data and grant rejection, through waves of crippling self-doubt, through illness and divorce. † Only this illness was any other but Alzheimer’s. Not only do some people have this attitude towards the disease, I realized that Alzheimer’s patients do not have many resources to begin with.As a society we have not paid attention to inventing some neat gadgets for patients that will allow them to recall important information for example, the directions to their house or the bathro om they could not find. Plus, she could not even find a support group for herself. Strangely, they had a support group for caregivers but, not for patients. So, she met Mary, Cathy and Dan. They too complained that their reputations had suffered at work. People associate the change in behavior of Alzheimer patients with substance abuse or a result of domestic problems.Eric Wellman thought like that. Dan, Alice’s research student was the only person in her academic circle, who respected her and demonstrated her big finish in career. After all, she was able to inspire him to carry on her work. The changes in her society did not stop at her career. Interestingly, as Alice’s disease evolved, her personal relationships did too. John, with whom she had spent her entire life, grew further from her. His fiddling with the wedding ring in the doctor’s office showed his weakness of faith in their marriage after Alice was diagnosed.The fact that he could not see her change when she had learned to be less stubborn about what she gets from Jerri’s was a sign that he wanted to live with and missed the old Alice. I think he had cried more times than anybody else in her family. It was hardest for him to cope with her illness. Perhaps because he was too dependent on her—the moment when he could not find his glasses, he needed Alice as Genova beautifully elaborated in the first paragraph. But, if Alice, the master of recalling things, were to lose that quality, how was he to function in that marriage? This was ironic.As John grew apart from her, I think the void was filled by Lydia—the child Alice knew the least. Where John reckoned with her mental capabilities and loved her for that, Lydia connected with her mother’s renewed emotional intelligence. That’s why I think she decided to join college after Alice had brought up the subject again. After all, she could trust her mother now. But, I was surprised when Lydia refused t o get tested for the disease. I think there are pros and cons of knowing. I would want to know. So, that I can get my act together and accomplish what I need to before I am no longer able to.It is like what Morrie said: everybody knows they are going to die but, nobody believes it. I would want to at least know that I may get Alzheimer’s and get used to the fact before it is too late. Even though Alice knew her other children more, they played a little role in her life after her diagnosis. I think since Anna was diagnosed with the mutated gene, she was more careful and empathetic towards her mother but I did not like her attitude. She was more concerned about herself than Alice. Tom sparingly showed up. I wonder why Genova kept him out of the picture most of the time. May be because he was busy studying and because he was a guy.And Alice’s progression was mainly emotional. So, knowing myself and a little bit about both genders, I think that emotions are mainly a female department. Alice’s role had metamorphosed from a scholar to a mother. And the fastest growth of motherhood was shown through communication via emotions between a mother and a daughter. For example, in the last paragraph Lydia asked her mother to relay her feelings after witnessing Lydia’s acting and Alice successfully communicated in just a few words. Alice connected beautifully with the language of emotions at a time when language, which made up her whole career, began to part with her.She frequently remembered her mother and sister. I wonder if it was Alzheimer’s or she needed comfort in remembering her family more. Similarly, the butterfly necklace became more important to her. It was a memory of her mother but, also signified a butterfly’s short but, beautiful life. I think Alice related to the story and so did I. But, it was intriguing when she had called on to God whom she had never called on to. In times of need I also feel the urge to be more sp iritual. This reminded me of Morrie, who admitted that he talked to God for the first time during the later stages of his illness.Also, Alice felt the need to visit her family’s graves. Reminds me of a time when I went to visit a cemetery with my friend. I had a hard time trying to think about mortality like Alice. She was not concentrating on death in the cemetery. She was thinking about John and their relationship. All in all, Genova did a great job of giving us a picture of what an Alzheimer’s patient may go through. She pointed out Alice’s inner thoughts and feelings and how she had matured in so many ways while keeping her personality intact. Like before, she used cognitive exercises to remember items.She was smart about the use of her blackberry and coming up with ideas to test her memory. She kept herself in an excellent physical condition. Which makes me want to get up and exercise every morning before I become senile. She also had a brilliant career and a family. Therefore, her initial decision to commit suicide came as a surprise. I think her family would not have approved of it. But overall, I think Alice grew in the process and others reacted accordingly. For instance, Lydia saw past the disease while John and Alice’s colleagues only saw what was shown to them.Therefore, I do not think Genova did justice to what other people might be feeling and thinking. Especially, I would have liked to read about John’s perspective. Ironically, even when Dr. Davis had initially said that Alice’s accounts may not be too reliable, Genova kept the story going from Alice’s point of view. This made me biased towards Alice while not having a clear idea of what John and other people may have been going through. But at least, now I have a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and its manifestations.

Greasy lake and the three immature teenagers Essay

Greasy Lake by T. Coraghesan Boyle’s is the story of a group of adolescents, searching for the one situation that will proclaim them as bad boys and how their minds change. The greasy lake is a short story which the narrator uses details, imagination and language to describe and represent the moral condition of each character. Also, during the story the narrator shows us how each character becomes closer to maturity after facing a crazy and unexpected night in a local lake, where we are all witness to and extreme change in their lives causes by immature action. Three young men, who considered themselves bad, were out looking for trouble and excitement on their summer break. One of the most interesting things was the perception they had about being tough or being cool at the time. It is very interesting how the three young showed his toughness throwing eggs at the houses of their neighbors. They were acting irresponsibly, drinking too much alcohol and doing drugs, which caused errors in their decision. This was the way of thinking of the three young men â€Å"we wore torn-up leather jackets, slouched around with toothpicks in our mouths, sniffed glue†. The bad choices they made would somewhere along the line cause their fate to step in, but no one knew what is going to happen that night. The boys must face their reality of becoming responsible adult men. For example, whether someone chooses to be responsible and do their homework that kind of actions determines if the three young men are capable to be responsible. The actions the boys took and the words they said eventually determined their immaturity. â€Å"On this, the third night, we’d cruised the strip sixty-seven times, been in and out of every bar and club we could think of in a twenty –mile radius, stopped twice for bucket of chicken and forty-cent hamburgers, debated going to a party at the house of a girl Jeff’s sister knew, and chucked two dozen raw eggs at mailboxes and hitchhikers.† If they would have chosen to go to the party at Jeff’s sister’s friend’s house then none of the trouble at Greasy Lake would have happened. The whole scene is dark to begin with the irresponsible choice they made to drink alcohol ultimately affected the rest of their choices and  actions. Alcohol may have distorted their judgments, which may have lead them to believe they saw Tony Lovett’s car, causing them to honk, flash their bights and press their faces on his window on the wrong car. Alcohol also may have affected the narrator’s agility, causing him to drop his keys in the dark. These actions leave them unprepared, when they end up in trouble with a big greasy character, as they call him. They begin to fight and one of them hits the guy with tire iron on the head while the adrenaline starts to rise in each of them, begin tearing the clothes off the girl in the car when they try to abuse of the young girl, they are interrupted by another car, which was approach to the scene they believe the other car have seen them. They start running away from the scene to avoid getting caught. The three boys were fri ghtened by the consequences that can bring them for their immaturity acts. During the story at this point At this point the narrator is not bothered about his mom’s car, because he is now safe in the lake behind trees where no one could find him. Once the narrator continues to find a safe place he runs into something that looks like something strange emerges from the lake and realize that it is a body of a man. Then the narrator thinks it’s very scary evil character found in lake and lifeless. The narrator is very scared by what he discovered runs where his friends were. Very afraid the only thing you want is to get home and forget everything that happened that night. Finally find the car keys and see that everything is in perfect condition, but have a final approach with two young girls who ask if they have seen the friend, who have not seen since last night they stay silent without express what really wanted and they lie and say no. During that time the one of the girls offers them to go home and have fun drinking alcohol and use drugs. Afte r that episode the three young men begin to experience inner change, to say no and see that they are not as bad as they believed or they could be, and all they want is to leave everything bad that experienced last night and be able to do positive things for their lives. In brief, Coming of age seems to be a problem. When I first felt the teenagers as adults and to take very risk decision to grab the tires iron and after trying to rape a woman every wrong decision have their consequences. However, they are very willing to face the adult outcomes.  Perhaps the lesson here is do not try to grow too fast. The point of view is in first person, from the point of view of narrative and Teenagers. The environment plays a role in the story. Also, during the story the narrator shows us how each character becomes closer to maturity after facing a crazy and unexpected night in a local lake, where we are all witness to and extreme change in their lives causes by immature action.

Free Essays on Sufism

â€Å"Sufism, is the notion of possessing nothing and being possessed by nothing,† (Waines, p.138), is the basis of Farid Ud-Din Attar’s The Conference of the Birds. Just as a Sufi is in search of God, the birds are on a Path to find the Simorgh. In order to reach the Simorgh they must complete the seven valleys, which is a metaphor to the steps on the Way (Tariqa) of Sufism. The Path begins with repentance, which requires one to give up one’s will and take on the will of God. One must also reject traditional dualism, which is the idea that God is not just light or not just good and understand that God is everything. Next, one needs to destroy the Self and understand Unity. â€Å"Through this step one reaches a state of where all temptations are overcome, then you are free to perform the next step, Love,† (Waines, p.137). Love in this sense is a vision of God, a â€Å"painful, humiliating love† as mentioned by professor Aslan. A love never r eturned because one will surrender their love to the beloved. Finally, one reaches Fana, which is a state of spiritual intoxication and one realizes that everything is one and contains divine Unity. As seen in the video, I am a Sufi I am a Muslim, in this state one can loose control. The best time to die for a Sufi is during this feeling of ecstasy, since they are closest to God. Through his poetry, Attar expresses to men/women Tariqa, by focusing on the necessity of destroying the Self and the importance of passionate love. This is comparable to the hoopoe that acts as the birds Sheikh, and guides them through the Valleys to reach the Simorge. Repentence requires one to drop one’s own will and enter the will of God, so that one becomes entirely devoted to God, (Waines, p.143). In the story of the The king who stopped at the prison gates, the hoopoe explains the need to sacrifice your will to the first bird who accepts his leadership. The king realizes that his prisoners show obed... Free Essays on Sufism Free Essays on Sufism â€Å"Sufism, is the notion of possessing nothing and being possessed by nothing,† (Waines, p.138), is the basis of Farid Ud-Din Attar’s The Conference of the Birds. Just as a Sufi is in search of God, the birds are on a Path to find the Simorgh. In order to reach the Simorgh they must complete the seven valleys, which is a metaphor to the steps on the Way (Tariqa) of Sufism. The Path begins with repentance, which requires one to give up one’s will and take on the will of God. One must also reject traditional dualism, which is the idea that God is not just light or not just good and understand that God is everything. Next, one needs to destroy the Self and understand Unity. â€Å"Through this step one reaches a state of where all temptations are overcome, then you are free to perform the next step, Love,† (Waines, p.137). Love in this sense is a vision of God, a â€Å"painful, humiliating love† as mentioned by professor Aslan. A love never r eturned because one will surrender their love to the beloved. Finally, one reaches Fana, which is a state of spiritual intoxication and one realizes that everything is one and contains divine Unity. As seen in the video, I am a Sufi I am a Muslim, in this state one can loose control. The best time to die for a Sufi is during this feeling of ecstasy, since they are closest to God. Through his poetry, Attar expresses to men/women Tariqa, by focusing on the necessity of destroying the Self and the importance of passionate love. This is comparable to the hoopoe that acts as the birds Sheikh, and guides them through the Valleys to reach the Simorge. Repentence requires one to drop one’s own will and enter the will of God, so that one becomes entirely devoted to God, (Waines, p.143). In the story of the The king who stopped at the prison gates, the hoopoe explains the need to sacrifice your will to the first bird who accepts his leadership. The king realizes that his prisoners show obed...

America Industrial Revolution

Industrial revolution has been identified as the defining force behind the tremendous economic growth witnessed in the American nation during the 19th and twentieth century (Hudson 56). Thanks to industrial revolution, the American nation improved its ability to conduct mass production both for its domestic needs and surplus for export. Just to be appreciated here is the factor that the sustainable economic development of any nation does not only depend on self-sufficiency but on its ability to conduct international business. Another important aspect of the American industrial revolution is that it led to the formalization of employment, a factor that served to mitigate human exploitation (Collier, and Kevin 21). Â  However, the American industrial revolution is blamed for compromising the sustainable competitive advantage of small scale cortege industries in the nation (Michigan State University). The revolution is also significantly blamed for compromising the cultural identity of the individual American ethnic groups (Hudson 88). This is because it led to increased social intermixing of races as well as cross-race marriages. Still, the revolution is closely attributed to an increase in environmental hazards among American communities (Hudson 91). This paper is written as a discussion on the effects of the American industrial revolution. The author takes a look at both sides of the implications of the revolution to the American people. Effects of industrial revolution to the life of the Americans There are many positive effects of the American industrial revolution to the people of America. According to available historical information, the massive industrial growth in the American nation during the 19th century is the direct result of its current superpower status in the globe. Following the emergence of the industrial revolution, the people of America enjoyed the concept of increased production in the industries, a factor that greatly improved their investment profitability (Collier, and Kevin 21). It is worth noting that the sole purpose of any investor is to ensure maximum profits. Although slaves provided cheap labor for agricultural industries in America, their productivity could not much the modernized agricultural practices that came with the industrial revolution. Another important effect of the American industrial revolution is that it led to the formalization of employment in the nation (Collier, and Kevin 21). Prior to the onset of the industrial revolution, slavery was one of the most commonly employed forms of labor for fueling the economy of America. This was a negation of the human rights since slaves were perceived as a property to their masters rather than human beings who deserved decent treatment. Nevertheless, with the coming of the industrial revolution, there came more effective and reliable machine technologies, a factor which negated the need for forced labor in the industries (Collier, and Kevin 25). This greatly improved the working conditions for the employed people of America. Still on formalization of employment is the creation of new employment opportunities for the American citizens (Michigan State University). The onset of industrial revolution brought with it new jobs for the different professional classes in the American nation. This did not only serve to improve the living standards for some members of the community but also as an encouragement for professionalism among Americans. Also, the revolution is to be thanked for the innovative development of industrial management and leadership principles as well as strategic marketing practices in America (Collier, and Kevin 27). With increased level of productivity, management and industrial leadership principles grew. Such also called for the expansionism process by the American nation in the quest to ensure sustainable market for its surplus products. According to proponents of the industrial revolution, the American industrial revolution brought with it the need for innovative approach to problem solving. It is rightly asserted that necessity is the ultimate mother of invention. Still, it is worth to acknowledge the fact that the process of industrialization has undergone many challenges. Based on this reasoning, the American industrial revolution is praised for the overall improvement of the technological and economic stand of the American nation (Collier, and Kevin 28). As per the available information, America is one of the leading influences in the international industrial product market to date. This gives its citizens a competitive advantage over those of other nations. Also, the extensive industrial revolution that marked America during the 19th and early 20th centuries are to be praised for the power control enjoyed by the nation across the globe (Michigan State University). According to available information, due to the influence of its industrial revolution, the American nation enjoys the competitive advantage of intellectual properties. Just to be underscored here is the fact that intellectual properties are found to promote the economic advantage of a nation. This is because they are protected by the law against use by other persons without providing commercial benefits to the source. Therefore, since the revolution led to establishment of numerous intellectual property rights, it served to protect the social and economic stability of the American people (Hudson 67).

APPLEBY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

APPLEBY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - Essay Example t of procedures to answer the question; gathers the necessary evidence; comes out with new findings that were not determined in advance; and, obtains specific findings that are applicable to the parameters of the study. Qualitative research is very efficient and very focused in the objective of obtaining culturally specific information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular populations. The main advantage of qualitative research is its ability to provide complex textual descriptions of how people experience a given research issue. It provides information about the â€Å"human†side of an issue encompassing potential wide gamut of coverage- beliefs, perspectives, opinions, reflections, and social capital. Qualitative methods are also important in pinpointing and analyzing intangible factors, such as practices, traditions, social status, social capital, social norms, socioeconomic status, gender roles, ethnicity, and religion, whose role in the research process is crucial and essential. Qualitative methods are also flexible. The research makes room for enhanced spontaneity and adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study participant. For example, most of the questions asked are â€Å"open-ended†questions that are not asked in the same manner with each participant. With open-ended questions, the participants get to respond in their own way and in their own words. The responses go beyond qualifiers such as theâ€Å"yes†or â€Å"no.† This kind of research approach is very appropriate since it sought to explore phenomena. The instruments used fosters closer engagement with the respondents. It is characterized by an iterative style of eliciting, obtaining and classifying and explaining responses to questions. There is a use of the semi-structured methods such as in-depth interviews,focus groups, and participant observation. The Corporate Social Responsibility of Appleby is one that creates value for our shareholders

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict - Essay Example It is within this context of competing narratives and intractable conflict that the Oslo peace process was born. Guided by the hope of arriving at a just and lasting peace, Israeli and Palestinian leaders designed, composed, and signed seven interim agreements, known as the Oslo peace process. These agreements were intended to resolve their differences on issues such as borders and security, Jerusalem, and the right of return for refugees. They were also meant to mark a time of relative tranquillity in the region, particularly as compared to the violence that has been witnessed throughout Israel- Palestine’s troubled history. Agreements were reached through various means, such as public, back-channel, official, and non-official efforts. Throughout this process, the United States was involved as a mediator, though less so during the initial stages, which included the composition and signing of the Declaration of Principles, Oslo I, and Oslo II. However, following the 1997 election into the office of the Likud party’s Benyamin Netanyahu, the U.S. became more involved through subsequent agreements, including the Hebron Agreement, the Wye River Memorandum, and the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum. While conceding to the fact that Oslo ultimately failed, it significantly contributed to the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. First, Oslo succeeded in transforming the conflict from a struggle over identity (which is an existential and intractable one) to a struggle over concrete and potentially tractable issues.

Interactive Multimedia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interactive Multimedia - Assignment Example The most distinct feature of multimedia interaction is that it is mutual and both the machine and the user take an equal active role (Morley and Parker 7). Interactive multimedia can be used in multiple ways in the education sector and has benefits for the students or learners and teachers. The main benefit of it is the ability to individualize education (Lucas 77). The multimedia technologies that augment the existing curriculum allow immediate enhancement and encourage development in the sector (Cartwright 295). This can help resolve problems in the educational sector by providing activities that match with the learning style employed by the students. They have the ability to improve the learning outcomes of students as they increase their potential. The advancements in interactive media provide students with the opportunity to gain and share information with their peers and work on collaborative projects and increases motivation among the young people (Mishra and Sharma 311). These experiences are considered to be rich, social and have more meaning than the traditional word to word lessons. Interactive multimedia is used for entertainment in many ways such as video games as explained by Morgan Stanley and Co (2010). Recent studies show that video games are most popular form of entertainment. It is the only segment of the United States consumer media with a significant increase in spending compared to other forms of media including; newspapers, books and broadcast TV (Mayer 99). 3D human tracking methods have been introduced in computer vision and applied in motion analysis, interactive computer graphics and surveillance. This is because such a system runs on inexpensive hardware, is fast and emphasizes on real time interactivity. Object segmentation processing is determined by color and the dimension of the object is computed. The motion corresponding on the 2D trajectories is

Green Logistic Or Sustainable Logistics Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Green Logistic Or Sustainable Logistics Management Environmental Sciences Essay Logistics is a physical distribution, it is an area of high potential cost savings, improved customer satisfaction and competitive effectiveness. Following are coming under the logistic systems 1) Ware housing 2) Inventory control 3) Materials handling 4) Order processing 5) Transportation. 1. A Definition of the study: A widely accepted definition is the one provided by the council of Supply Chain Management professionals (CSMP. Previously Council of Logistic Management. CLM) in the USA is Logistic is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirement. (P 195) (Business Administration for Students and Managers. Dr. Lawerence Mensah Akwetey 2011. Logistics is concerned with the efficient flow of raw materials of work in process inventory and of finished goods from supplier to customer. In addition to transportation logistics entails inventory control, warehousing, materials handling, order processing and related information activities involved in the flow of products. (Regan et al 2000) Green logistics is a traditional logistics seeks to organize forward distribution that is the transport, warehousing, Packaging and inventory management from the producer to consumer, environmental considerations opened up markets for recycling and disposal and led to the entire new subsector of reverse logistics. The reverse distribution involves the transport of waste and movement of used materials. While the terms reverse logistics is widely used. Other names have been applied such as reverse distribution reverse flow logistics and green logistics (Byne and Deep 1993). Freight transport provides the link in the supply chain between echelons that enable products to be available to the customer in the right place at the right time (Potter and Lalwani 2005) 1. B.Objective of the study: Review and analysis out how the logistic systems affect the environment. In the Green logistics, we have to make ensure the achievement of transport logistics compatible with the environment. The ideas of sustainable development originate from the 1987 Brundtland report (ACE 2004) also known as our common future. This report alerted the world to the urgency of making progress toward economic development that could be sustained without depleting natural resources or harming the environment. Example: Over recent years Irelands per capital have been house gas (GHG) emissions have risen to be one of the highest in Europe. This rise in emission is no small part attribute to the 165 % increase in transport emissions in the period 1990 to 2006.The focus of this study is on the development of environmentally conscious supply chains in Ireland through the studying the harmful impact that logistical activities have on the environment with this in mind the following section will define the Green or Sustainable supply chain and introduce the concept of sustainable logistics. Supply chain management was defined by Christopher (1998) is Supply chain management involves the management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole. Supply chains have been shown to high contributors to the carbon footprint of most goods (van Hoek 2001) with Eyefortransportv (2008) claiming that up to 75 % of a companys carbon footprint is derived from supply chain activities. The Green or Sustainable supply chain is an approach which seeks to minimise a product or services ecological footprint (Bearing point 2008). The concept covers all the phases of a products life cycle from the extraction of raw materials through the design, production and distribution phases to the use of the product by consumes and their eventual disposal of same. Sustainable logistics is a key element in the development of environmentally conscious /Green supply chain design. Green Design: Green design can be described as an approach which seeks to reduce a products environmental impact throughout its complete lifecycle through the design of the product. Green sourcing or Green Procurement: It is where environmental criteria are included in the decision making process when sourcing products or services. Green manufacturing: Has the goal of reducing the environmental impact of the manufacturing function in supply chains through the reduction of the environmental impact of the use of materials and energy. Green logistics: Has the aim of meeting cost targets and customer service levels with reduced pollution from the transport, warehousing, inventory management and distribution function in the supply chain. Sustainable logistics is a key element in the development of environmentally conscious/ green supply chain design. Reverse Logistics: It represents all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It is vital component of green supply chains providing a means for products/materials to be returned from the user to the producer in order to be recycled, reused or reconditioned. Logistics and the Environment Freight transportation by road is the dominant mode of freight transport in many economies due mainly to the flexibility and speed that the movement of freight by road offers When compared to railway, inland waterway or Sea transport (Mason and Lalwani 2004).This is particularly true for Ireland as 90 % of freight traffic occurs in the road( Ryan et al 2003). In freight transport the burning of petrol and diesel fuels in internal combustion engines leads to the chemical by-product of Nitrous Oxide, Methane and most importantly Carbon Di Oxide. Transport in Ireland is a major contributing factor to Irelands overall emissions accounting for a 20.8 % share of total emissions in 2007, 97% of which is from road transport (EPA 2008) Aronsson (2006) highlighted major source of environmental problems have received during the last decade by transportation. Recommendation: As highlighted by Tenekcioglu (2004) certain mode of transportation such as rail and maritime transport are considered green modes because their effects are less detrimental to the environmental to the environment. These modes produce less pollution, less noise and account for less accident. GLOBAL WARMING The stern (2006) report on climate change outlines that it is now widely accepted that if no action is taken on reducing GHG emissions and in particular carbon Dioxide (co2) emissions that based on current trends in the next 50 years or so 2-3 Celsius increase in global temperature can be predicted causing disastrous effects in the areas of Food sources, water, Health, Land, Environment. For example Ireland National Climate change strategy 2007- 2012 report states that continued emissions of green house gases at or above rates would result climate system over this century than those observed to date. The department of transport Ireland (2009) estimate that over 30 % transport emissions in Ireland come from freight transport. If atmospheric concentration of green house gas had been stabilized at 2000 levels, warming and sea level rise would continue at least until the end of this century due to the time scales associated with climate process and feedback. (Department of the Environment heritage and Local government Ireland 2007) Effects: 1) A temperature increase of 0.2 Celsius per decade for the next two decades with a warming of 1.8 to 4 Celsius by 2100. 2) Global average sea level rise in the ranges 18- 38 cm for the low emissions scenario and 26-59 cm for the high emissions scenario. 3) It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent and likely that future tropical cyclones will become more intense. 4) Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increasing acidification of the ocean. Standards, Tools Methodologies for sustainable supply chain management Sustainable supply chain implementation requires standards to allow measurement of environmental impact methodologies and support tools to allow adoption of environment practices. This provides an overview of standards, tools and methodologies for the implementation of sustainable supply chains. Environmental Management system EMS standards have been developed as tools to allow the management of organizations to better identify, manage and control their activities that can impact the environment.EMS standards were developed in the early 1990s in several countries. The standards was approved by the British Standards Institution (BSI) IN 1992 and became a model for the ISO standard 14401, which was elaborated in the years 1991-1996.The European Eco-Management and Audit scheme( EMAS) was adopted in 1993.(EEB 2003). ISO 14000 Specifies a set of measures to be incorporated into a companys management system aimed at dealing with environmental aspects in a systematic way including the following major elements. Definition of an environmental policy including performance objectives Assessment of environmental aspects Identification of legal obligations Establishing an Environmental management programme. Definition of procedures to achieve the objectives Monitoring of the systems and improvement The European EMAS scheme is based on the international standards but contains additional requirement Initial environmental review. Independent verification An accreditation system for verifiers Validated environmental statements Employee involvement Industrial carbon foot printing standards and Methodologies. A carbon footprint is The total set of green house gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual event, organisation, and product expressed as carbon Di Oxide (Carbon Trust 2007) The British standards Institute (BSI) developed the publicly available specification (PAS) 2050 as a method for measuring the embodied GHG emission from goods and services. Conclusion and Recommendations: Tackling waste in Freight transport. Lean supply chain management is a technique that analyses ways to eliminate wastes in the production process thus increasing efficiency. In supply chain management Mason and Lalwani (2006) identify some hidden wastes in transport and logistics management which eventually have to be paid for by supply chain customers. These wastes includes Slow vehicle turnaround times Low back haul levels Low fill rates Duplicated administration Poor fleet utilisation. If we avoid all those things we can maintain the sustainable logistics without damage the environment or with minimum damage of the environment.

Seeing Myself in Waiting for Godot :: Waiting for Godot Essays

Seeing Myself in Waiting for Godot Some people wondered why in high school my favorite book was Waiting for Godot, a drama described on the title page as â€Å"a two-act play in which nothing happens twice.† In fact, my liking a play that does not portray a series of connected incidents telling a story but instead presents a pattern of images showing bewildered people in an incomprehensible universe initially baffled me too, as my partiality was more felt than thought. But then I read a piece by the critic Martin Esslin, who articulated my feelings. He wrote in â€Å"The Search for the Self† that throughout our lives we always wait for something, and Godot simply represents the objective of our waiting—an event, a thing, a person, death. It is in the act of waiting that we experience the flow of time in its purest most evident form. (31) I realized that I was seventeen in high school passively waiting for something amazing to happen to me just like Vladimir and Estragon. I also realized that experiencing time flowing by unproductively was not for me regardless of how â€Å"pure† that experience might be. At several points in the play, Estragon states that he wants to leave, but Vladimir always responds, â€Å"We can’t . . . we’re waiting for Godot† (8). Neither one knows why the wait nor who Godot is or looks like, and they both admit, when asked by Pozzo why they mistook him for Godot, that â€Å"we hardly know him at all† (20). Yet, they wait for him instead of looking within themselves for meaning in their lives. They even turn to close-at-hand sources about them to provide reasons for their wait: from inside a hat or a boot (8). But, as Lucky points out, the â€Å"reasons [are] unknown† and always will be (28). Therefore, their external search is pointless to give life me aning. Or put another way, Vladimir and Estragon wait endlessly for life to begin. As simple as it is, I see myself in them, waiting for someone or something to bring me meaning, to guide me, to spark my life. The existentialist ideas behind much of Waiting for Godot cut to the quick, as I, too, struggle through life trying to achieve some sort of purposeful meaning (Bryce). Like everyone else, I am a victim of waiting and going nowhere fast. As embarrassing as it is to me now, in high school, I ached as I searched to fill an empty part of me with love or true friendship, and at last I found him! But rather than acting on what I felt for him, I sat there and waited, hoping that he would notice me, the perfect soul mate.

An Introduction to Native American Literature Essay

Native American literatures embrace the memories of creation stories, the tragic wisdom of native ceremonies, trickster narratives, and the outcome of chance and other occurrences in the most diverse cultures in the world. These distinctive literatures, eminent in both oral performances and in the imagination of written narratives, cannot be discovered in reductive social science translations or altogether understood in the historical constructions of culture in one common name. (Vizenor 1) Since the end of the 15th century, the migration of Europeans to America, and their importation of Africans as slaves, has led to centuries of conflict and adjustment between Old and New World societies. Europeans created most of the early written historical record about Native Americans after the colonists’ immigration to the Americas. 3 Many Native cultures were matrilineal; the people occupied lands for use of the entire community, for hunting or agriculture. Europeans at that time had patriarchal cultures and had developed concepts of individual property rights with respect to land that were extremely different. The differences in cultures between the established Native Americans and immigrant Europeans, as well as shifting alliances among different nations of each culture through the centuries, caused extensive political tension, ethnic violence and social disruption. The Native Americans suffered high fatalities from the contact with infectious Eurasian diseases, to which they had no acquired immunity. See more: how to start an essay Epidemics after European contact caused the greatest loss of life for indigenous populations. In 1830, the U. S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the government to relocate Native Americans from their homelands within established states to lands west of the Mississippi River, accommodating European-American expansion. Perhaps the most important moment of governmental detribalization came with the passing of the Dawes Act in 1887 which set aside 160 acres for each Indian on the reservation, and opened the â€Å"leftovers† up for settlement. According to the U. S. Bureau of the Census (1894), the Indian wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number. They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women and children, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. Native Americans were thus pushed out from their own lands and were forced to live in small reservations assigned by the federal government who claimed that setting the Indians on the course to civilisation best ensured their survival. Tribal customs were then forcibly altered and nomadic tribes became sedentary. All Native Americans felt the impact of the new reservation policies, which sought to isolate and contain Indians to make room for an expanding American nation. At the same time that Native Americans were being excluded from the nation, white Americans began to look to them as the source of a unique national identity and literature, distinct from European traditions. Literature from the period depicting Indian characters was incredibly popular, and many works are still celebrated as classics, including James Fenimore Cooper’s The Last of the Mohicans (1826), Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s Hope Leslie (1827), and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha (1855), to name only a few. These texts employ the trope of the â€Å"disappearing Indian,† which represents the deaths of Indians as natural, similar to the changing of the seasons or the setting of the sun, rather than the result of political exclusion or social discrimination. Thus the disappearance of Indians from the American social landscape was not only depicted within this body of writing but also implicitly approved of. At the same time the government sponsored authors and art programs; the proletarian themes of discovery, regionalism, and tourism were new forms of dominance over Native Americans. Therefore, early Native American authors wrote within a hostile political climate and in response to a dominant literary tradition that sentimentalized and condoned the death of Indians. But they found the means to engage with their detractors by authoring their own accounts of Indians that challenged stereotypical beliefs, demanded equal political rights, and proved that Indians were neither disappearing nor silent. Native American authors have faithfully presented some of these issues of inherent native rights, the duplicities of federal policies, and the burdens of racial identities in their short stories and novels. Wynema by Sophia Alice Callahan published in 1891, was the first novel attributed to a Native American author. Callahan, who was a mixedblood Creek, was aware of tribal issues at the time and therefore devoted most of her novel to native issues. Since then many novels by distinguished Native American authors have been published. One of the most important writers among Native Americans in the 1930’s was D’Arcy McNickle, a member of the Flathead tribe of Montana. His first novel The Surrounded was published in 1936, two years after the Indian Reorganization Act was passed near the end of the Depression in the United States. His novel is the poignant story of a mix-breed family and the tragedy of their exclusion from both the red and the white worlds. Because of cultural misunderstandings, which begin between the Indian mother and Spanish father, suspicion, fear, and finally death take their children. The novel is a history of alienation. Kenneth Lincoln who coined the term Native American Rennaissance pointed out that in the late-1960s and early-1970s, a generation of Native Americans were coming of age who were the first of their tribe to receive a substantial English-language education, particularly outside of standard Indian boarding schools and in universities. Conditions for Native people, while still very harsh, had moved beyond the survival conditions of the early half of the century. The beginnings of a project of historical revisionism, which attempted to document—from a Native perspective—the history of the invasion and colonization of the North American continent had inspired a great deal of public interest in Native cultures. During this time of change, a group of Native writers emerged, both poets and novelists, who in only a few years expanded the Native American literary canon.